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Ladybbird · 26-02-24, 02:51

Rwandas’ Request to Australia; The Men Wanted For Genocide

Australia asked to ‘prosecute or extradite’ two men accused by Rwanda of involvement in genocide

A Guardian Australia/ABC Four Corners investigation reveals one of the men – who describes allegations as ‘false’ and ‘smears’ – is living in Brisbane, the other is also believed to be in the country

The Guardian Australia 26 FEB 2024

Froduald Rukeshangabo is living in Brisbane.

More than half a million people killed in 100 days: how the 1994 Rwanda genocide unfolded

A man accused of involvement in Rwanda’s brutal genocide in 1994 – who is alleged to have participated in mob attacks that killed members of the Tutsi minority – is living in Australia, having never faced court. Another man also accused of involvement in the genocide is also believed by Rwandan authorities to be in the country.

A year-long Guardian/Four Corners investigation can reveal that the two men, who were found by Rwanda’s transitional justice process to have been involved in deadly mob attacks against civilians during the genocide, are being sought by the Rwandan government for arrest, pending possible extradition.

Froduald Rukeshangabo lives in suburban Brisbane and works as a driving instructor. Celestin Munyaburanga has family in the same city – although it is unclear whether he is in the country and understood he might be living under a different name.

Rukeshangabo has described allegations against him as “false” and part of a “smear campaign”. Others in the Rwandan diaspora say the allegations are politically motivated. Munyaburanga did not respond to request for comment, but a family member says he is innocent. The Guardian/Four Corners does not suggest the two men are guilty, only that these serious allegations deserve further investigation by an appropriate authority.

The presence in Australia of at least one man accused of involvement in the genocide has raised questions about the country’s screening process and the willingness of authorities to investigate or prosecute alleged international crimes.

The Guardian/Four Corners travelled to Rwanda to speak with survivors and confessed perpetrators who claim they are familiar with allegations made against the two men.

‘They had machetes and clubs’

Rwanda’s genocide against the Tutsi between April and July of 1994 was one of the most brutal pogroms of the 20th century.

In a planned, state-sponsored campaign of violence to exterminate Rwanda’s Tutsi minority, more than half a million men, women and children were murdered by vigilante mobs and trained militia, made up of members of the Hutu majority.

It is estimated that at least two-thirds of Rwanda’s Tutsi were killed, as well as some moderate Hutu: many were hacked to death with machetes or killed with basic weapons. In the aftermath, alleged perpetrators fled all over the world.

A human skull with a broken crown

Most Tutsi were murdered by Hutu mobs with traditional weapons in the 1994 Rwandan genocide

In 2017, the Rwandan government issued an indictment and international arrest warrant to Australia, seeking the arrest of Munyaburanga, who was then believed to be living in Canberra. The warrant alleges that Munyaburanga is “suspected to have committed the crime of genocide” under local criminal law and international convention.

The former high school headmaster, according to the allegations in the indictment, established a roadblock at Hanika, in Nyanza district in Rwanda’s south, where he “with [Hutu militia]… intercepted and killed with traditional weapons, Tutsi civilians”.

The indictment alleges Munyaburanga was complicit in the deaths of 21 named Tutsi – as well as an unknown number more not identified.

Survivors in Hanika alleged to the Guardian/Four Corners that they saw Munyaburanga take their relatives from their homes and say those relatives were later found dead. None of the survivors said they saw Munyaburanga personally kill anyone.

Chaliroti Mutegarugori claimed she saw her 17-year-old brother attacked when a mob came for the Tutsi men and boys of Hanika.

“I saw him [Munyaburanga] with my own eyes taking my brother; he even beat him as he was taking him.

“They had machetes and clubs; there was Munyaburanga with many others … they started beating [my brother], they struck him on his shoulders and the blood spilled out.

“I was afraid and ran away.”

Four of Mutegarugori’s relatives are listed on the indictment as having been killed by a group of militia that included Munyaburanga, but others she alleged were also killed (including her 17-year-old brother) are not.

Manassé Musabyimana, a confessed and convicted participant in the genocide in Nyanza, alleged to the Guardian/Four Corners that he was recruited by Munyaburanga to man a roadblock where multiple civilians were subsequently killed in mob attacks.

He says he himself did not kill anyone but accepts his complicity in the crimes as part of the mob. He said he did not see Munyaburanga kill anyone.

The indictment lists Musabyimana as part of a group that included Munyaburanga who are alleged to have killed civilians “with traditional weapons” at the roadblock, and travelled to villages “to hunt down and kill Tutsi”.

According to Rwanda’s National Public Prosecution Authority (NPPA), Munyaburanga was found to have committed serious crimes by the country’s gacaca courts – a community-level transitional justice system in which there were neither defence nor prosecution lawyers – in 2008. He was sentenced, in absentia, to life imprisonment.

The NPPA alleges he escaped prison during his trial and fled the country.

There is no record of a person under the name of Celestin Munyaburanga ever entering Australia, but the Rwandan government claims he was in Canberra in 2017 and believes he is still in the country.

26-02-24, 02:51	#1
Ladybbird Join Date: Feb 2011 Posts: 47,657 Thanks: 27,646 Thanked 14,458 Times in 10,262 Posts Awards Showcase Total Awards: 8	Rwandas’ Request to Australia-Prosecute or Extradite Men Wanted For Genocide Rwandas’ Request to Australia; The Men Wanted For Genocide Australia asked to ‘prosecute or extradite’ two men accused by Rwanda of involvement in genocide A Guardian Australia/ABC Four Corners investigation reveals one of the men – who describes allegations as ‘false’ and ‘smears’ – is living in Brisbane, the other is also believed to be in the country The Guardian Australia 26 FEB 2024 Froduald Rukeshangabo is living in Brisbane. More than half a million people killed in 100 days: how the 1994 Rwanda genocide unfolded A man accused of involvement in Rwanda’s brutal genocide in 1994 – who is alleged to have participated in mob attacks that killed members of the Tutsi minority – is living in Australia, having never faced court. Another man also accused of involvement in the genocide is also believed by Rwandan authorities to be in the country. A year-long Guardian/Four Corners investigation can reveal that the two men, who were found by Rwanda’s transitional justice process to have been involved in deadly mob attacks against civilians during the genocide, are being sought by the Rwandan government for arrest, pending possible extradition. Froduald Rukeshangabo lives in suburban Brisbane and works as a driving instructor. Celestin Munyaburanga has family in the same city – although it is unclear whether he is in the country and understood he might be living under a different name. Rukeshangabo has described allegations against him as “false” and part of a “smear campaign”. Others in the Rwandan diaspora say the allegations are politically motivated. Munyaburanga did not respond to request for comment, but a family member says he is innocent. The Guardian/Four Corners does not suggest the two men are guilty, only that these serious allegations deserve further investigation by an appropriate authority. The presence in Australia of at least one man accused of involvement in the genocide has raised questions about the country’s screening process and the willingness of authorities to investigate or prosecute alleged international crimes. The Guardian/Four Corners travelled to Rwanda to speak with survivors and confessed perpetrators who claim they are familiar with allegations made against the two men. ‘They had machetes and clubs’ Rwanda’s genocide against the Tutsi between April and July of 1994 was one of the most brutal pogroms of the 20th century. In a planned, state-sponsored campaign of violence to exterminate Rwanda’s Tutsi minority, more than half a million men, women and children were murdered by vigilante mobs and trained militia, made up of members of the Hutu majority. It is estimated that at least two-thirds of Rwanda’s Tutsi were killed, as well as some moderate Hutu: many were hacked to death with machetes or killed with basic weapons. In the aftermath, alleged perpetrators fled all over the world. A human skull with a broken crown Most Tutsi were murdered by Hutu mobs with traditional weapons in the 1994 Rwandan genocide In 2017, the Rwandan government issued an indictment and international arrest warrant to Australia, seeking the arrest of Munyaburanga, who was then believed to be living in Canberra. The warrant alleges that Munyaburanga is “suspected to have committed the crime of genocide” under local criminal law and international convention. The former high school headmaster, according to the allegations in the indictment, established a roadblock at Hanika, in Nyanza district in Rwanda’s south, where he “with [Hutu militia]… intercepted and killed with traditional weapons, Tutsi civilians”. The indictment alleges Munyaburanga was complicit in the deaths of 21 named Tutsi – as well as an unknown number more not identified. Survivors in Hanika alleged to the Guardian/Four Corners that they saw Munyaburanga take their relatives from their homes and say those relatives were later found dead. None of the survivors said they saw Munyaburanga personally kill anyone. Chaliroti Mutegarugori claimed she saw her 17-year-old brother attacked when a mob came for the Tutsi men and boys of Hanika. “I saw him [Munyaburanga] with my own eyes taking my brother; he even beat him as he was taking him. “They had machetes and clubs; there was Munyaburanga with many others … they started beating [my brother], they struck him on his shoulders and the blood spilled out. “I was afraid and ran away.” Four of Mutegarugori’s relatives are listed on the indictment as having been killed by a group of militia that included Munyaburanga, but others she alleged were also killed (including her 17-year-old brother) are not. Manassé Musabyimana, a confessed and convicted participant in the genocide in Nyanza, alleged to the Guardian/Four Corners that he was recruited by Munyaburanga to man a roadblock where multiple civilians were subsequently killed in mob attacks. He says he himself did not kill anyone but accepts his complicity in the crimes as part of the mob. He said he did not see Munyaburanga kill anyone. The indictment lists Musabyimana as part of a group that included Munyaburanga who are alleged to have killed civilians “with traditional weapons” at the roadblock, and travelled to villages “to hunt down and kill Tutsi”. According to Rwanda’s National Public Prosecution Authority (NPPA), Munyaburanga was found to have committed serious crimes by the country’s gacaca courts – a community-level transitional justice system in which there were neither defence nor prosecution lawyers – in 2008. He was sentenced, in absentia, to life imprisonment. The NPPA alleges he escaped prison during his trial and fled the country. *There is no record of a person under the name of Celestin Munyaburanga ever entering Australia, but the Rwandan government claims he was in Canberra in 2017 and believes he is still in the country.*

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