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Tata Steel;

The Rise and Fall of Newports' Famous Steelworks Industry







The industry goes all the way back to the 19th century...


If you grew up around south Wales, the chances are you know someone who worked at a steelworks.


The steel industry been such a big employer in South Wales that your father, grandfather, or another family member probably worked there at some point.

It was so important to Newport, that entire housing estates were built to accommodate workers.

In recent years much of the activity has been at the Llanwern steelworks site on the east side of the city.

But Newport’s history in the industry dates back to the end of the 19th century, with the famous Orb steelworks site.

Opened in 1898 by John Lysaght and Co, by the start of the 20th century the company had transferred the majority of its workers to its Newport site.




The coke ovens showing the central coal service bunkers in Llanwern in 1962



The company’s chairman John Lysaght, originally from Cork, Ireland, had died three years prior to the site opening, but his name would become synonymous with the city and was used by the site up until the 1960s.

The WR Lysaght Institute was opened at the site in 1928, providing facilities like a ballroom, tennis court and bowling green for workers. It closed in 2001 but was reopened in 2012 as a conference and events venue.

When the First World War began, many Orb workers signed up for national service, and 121 workers from the site would be killed during the war. A further 27 lost their lives in the Second World War.

But Newport would take a huge leap forward when the major steelworks at Llanwern opened in 1962.

Professor Louise Miskell from Swansea University is a historian in the development of copper and steel in towns and industries in modern Britain.

She says the Llanwern Newport site was notable as a modern step into the future.

“Llanwern was the newest of the Welsh steel works - most of the other ones dated from the first half of the 20th century.”

“It had much more modern equipment and was fully integrated - it did everything from melting iron through to producing the finished steel, all on one site.

“It also had workforce facilities like lockers, showers and a canteen - which all sound quite basic, but which a lot of the older steelworks didn’t have. Worker welfare before then had maybe been an afterthought, but by the time Llanwern opened those things were incorporated a lot more.”

By the mid-1960s Llanwern had become a major employer and investor in the region, with as many as 6,000 people employed on the site. But the site also attracted workers from further afield.

“But when Llanwern was built, there was quite a coordinated effort among the councils across Monmouthshire to provide housing, so the steelworkers at Llanwern lived not just in Newport but in places like Cwmbran, Caerleon and Risca.

“There’s certainly a tradition of people who worked on the earlier sites in the 1930s before going to do national service, then coming back into an industry that was modernising quite rapidly, particularly in Newport and Port Talbot.

“People are very proud, and rightly so, of having given that service to the production of steel, which is so fundamental to so many aspects of life, over decades or generations.

“Llanwern was producing sheet steel for the car industry, so it’s very much connected with the modernisation of Britain after the war, and the growth of consumer culture and affluence. At the time it was very much seen as the industry of the future.





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MORE: Steelwork Closures' Ripple Effect on Towns' Wages




Owen and his girlfriend Cori are just some of thousands affected by the decision to close blast furnaces at Port Talbot Steelworks





Owen Midwinter thought he had a "job for life" when he started a five-year apprenticeship at Tata Steel in Port Talbot.



But 18 months on, that security has been replaced with uncertainty - and the 23-year-old and his girlfriend may have to delay their plans to start a family.

New analysis for the BBC suggests his town could lose more than £200m in wages because of job cuts at the steelworks.

Prof Calvin Jones, its author, said it was an "end of an era" for UK steelmaking, similar to the closure of coal mines in the 1980s.

Mr Midwinter said of when the job losses were announced: "Everyone in the room went silent... wives and girlfriends were ringing, one of the boys had to go for a walk to clear his head.

"My old man’s been here for years and years, my grandfather’s been here and it was a proud moment for me. But it’s very sombre now, a lot of sad faces, lot of depression."

His girlfriend, Cori, said: "If Owen loses his job it puts the house at risk, we want to start a family soon, but it puts everything at risk until we know."




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