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Bone Fragments of Oldest Known Human Face in Western Europe Found in Spain

Remains are of an adult member of an extinct species who lived up to 1.4m years ago, researchers say

The Guardian 14 MAR 2025

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The fossilised remains make up the left cheek and upper jaw of an adult member of an extinct human species who lived and died on the Iberian peninsula between 1.1m and 1.4m years ago.

The discovery suggests that at least two forms of early human occupied the region in the early Pleistocene, when the cave sat within humid woodland rich in wildlife and crossed with rivers and streams.

This paper introduces a new actor in the story of human evolution in Europe, said Dr Rosa Huguet of the University of Rovira i Virgili in southern Catalonia, who helped uncover the fossils at the Sima del Elefant Pit of the Elephant cave near Atapuerca in Burgos.

https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/709cd...none&crop=none

The fossilised remains make up the left cheek and upper jaw of an adult member of an extinct human species.

Early humans reached Eurasia from Africa at least 1.8m years ago, as evidenced by five skulls dating from the period in Dmanisi in Georgia. The skulls are attributed to Homo erectus, the first early human species to have left the African continent.

Until now, the earliest human remnants in western Europe were 1.1m to 1.2m year old pieces of jawbone and teeth from Sima del Elefante. Younger human remains, dating to 800,000 years ago, were unearthed at the nearby Gran Dolina Giant Sinkhole cavern. Particular features of the latter led researchers to consider them a distinct species, namely Homo antecessor, or pioneer man.

Writing in the journal Nature, the Spanish team say the latest remains are more primitive than Homo antecessor but resemble Homo erectus. Given the uncertainty over the fossils identity, the team has designated the species Homo affinis erectus, reflecting its close relationship with the older human.

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