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Old 02-10-12, 04:55   #1
 
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Hot Oscars Apologises to Native American Who Refused Oscar on Behalf of Marlon Brando

BBC World News, 1 October 2012

South Dakota Oglala Sioux Tribe's Beer Lawsuit Fails



People of the tribe discuss their problems

A federal judge has dismissed a case by an American Indian tribe that blamed beer sellers and makers for chronic alcoholism on their reservation.
Judge John Gerrard said there was "little question" that sales in a bordering Nebraska town had contributed significantly to the problem.
But he said federal courts did not have the jurisdiction to hold brewers or stores responsible.

The Oglala Sioux tribe sued beer stores and manufacturers for $500m (£309m).

The lawsuit alleged that the stores and beer makers had knowingly allowed alcohol sales to residents of the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation, which has banned alcohol since 1832, fully aware it would be smuggled to drink or resell.
The Oglala also argued that the beer distributors supplied the White Clay, Nebraska stores with "volumes of beer far in excess of an amount that could be sold in compliance with the laws of the state of Nebraska".

The four White Clay beer stores named in the suit sold the equivalent of 4.3 million 12oz (0.34 litre) cans last year.
The Nebraska town, which is next to the reservation, has a population of only about a dozen residents.



Also named in the suit were four manufacturers:

Anheuser-Busch, Molson Coors Brewing Company, MillerCoors LLC and Pabst Brewing Company.

"What little money our people get, it goes to White Clay. And the distributors are aware of what poor people we are but they don't care," Tom Poor Bear, the tribe's vice-president, told the BBC in April.
"They'll take our last dime."

'Could do more'

In his ruling, the judge said:

"There is, in fact, little question that alcohol sold in Whiteclay contributes significantly to tragic conditions on the reservation.
"And it may well be that the defendants could, or should, do more to try to improve those conditions for members of the tribe.


"But that is not the same as saying that a federal court has jurisdiction to order them to do so."

The judge dismissed the case without prejudice, a decision which allows the tribe to bring the lawsuit to a state court.

The tribe's lawyer, Tom White, said it was not yet clear if they would pursue the case.

But he added: "The judge had every opportunity, if he wanted to, to say this is a spurious case or it doesn't have legal merit. And he carefully did not. That is significant."

Pine Ridge Indian Reservation's county is consistently ranked among the poorest in the country, and one in four children born on the reservation suffers from foetal alcohol syndrome or a foetal alcohol spectrum disorder.
The average life expectancy on the reservation is estimated between 45 and 52 years, far below the average American life expectancy of 77.5.
Before the lawsuit, the tribe led protests and marches to shame the store owners, and asked for tougher laws that would make it harder to sell and consume alcohol in the area.
END

Is it is any surprise that most real Native Americans turn to alcohol. The "Immigrant" Americans destroyed their land, so much wildlife and their way of life?
Read the history and personally travel the "Trail of Tears".

ORIGINAL FOUNDING FATHERS of The New World
Artist David Behrens:


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Old 11-02-17, 00:34   #2
 
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Hot Natives Pipeline Fight > LAND Needs WATER-NOT OIL

Revealed: FBI Terrorism Taskforce Investigating Native American Standing Rock Activists

FBI Representatives have Contacted Several ‘Water Protectors’ > Wanting to Raise Alarm that an Indigenous-Led Movement is Being Construed as.. "DOMESTIC TERRORISM" ???... ....

Daily Mail UK, 10 February 2017/The Guardian UK, 10 February 2017.

> ALL about $$$ folks = to heck with the people..





100 people gathered near the White House, denouncing Trump, who issued an order four on 24 January to expedite both the Dakota Access Pipeline (DAPL) and to revive another multibillion-dollar oil artery, Keystone XL


The FBI is investigating political activists campaigning against the Dakota Access pipeline, diverting agents charged with preventing terrorist attacks to instead focus their attention on indigenous activists and environmentalists.

The Guardian has established that multiple officers within the FBI’s joint terrorism taskforce have attempted to contact at least three people tied to the Standing Rock “water protector” movement in North Dakota.

The purpose of the officers’ inquiries into Standing Rock, and scope of the task force’s work, remains unknown. Agency officials declined to comment.

But the fact that the officers have even tried to communicate with activists is alarming to free-speech experts who argue that anti-terrorism agents have no business scrutinizing protesters.


“The idea that the government would attempt to construe this indigenous-led non-violent movement into some kind of domestic terrorism investigation is unfathomable to me,” said Lauren Regan, a civil rights attorney who has provided legal support to demonstrators who were contacted by representatives of the FBI. “It’s outrageous, it’s unwarranted … and it’s unconstitutional.”


Regan, who has regularly visited Standing Rock and is the executive director of the Civil Liberties Defense Center in Oregon, said she learned of three cases in which officers with the taskforce, known as the JTTF, tried to talk to activists in person.


She described the encounters as attempted “knocks and talks”, meaning law enforcement showed up at people’s doors without a subpoena or warrant and tried to get them to voluntarily cooperate with an interview.


The three individuals, who include a Native American and a non-indigenous activist, asserted their fifth amendment rights and did not respond to the officers, according to Regan, who declined to identify them to protect their privacy and out of fear of retribution.


Construction equipment near the Dakota Access pipeline. Workers have begun drilling after the army corps granted the permit necessary.


Two of them were contacted in North Dakota and a third at their home outside the state, according to Regan.
She said all three contacts were made in recent weeks after Trump’s inauguration.


Trump, a former investor in Energy Transfer Partners, the Texas-based firm behind the pipeline, took executive action in his first week in office to expedite the project.



On Wednesday, workers began drilling to complete the pipeline across the Missouri river.


The JTTF revelation comes at a time when there have been increasing concerns at Standing Rock about law enforcement surveillance, police violence and the targeted arrests and prosecutions of activists.

Since the summer, law enforcement officials have made roughly 700 arrests, in some cases leading to serious felony charges and possibly lengthy state prison sentences. Following recent indictments, at least six activists are now facing charges in federal court. Rumors about JTTF have caused further stress among the activists.


Regan said she was able to confirm the identity of one of the JTTF officers, Andrew Creed, who attempted to contact an activist. Reached by phone, he declined to comment to the Guardian, saying, “I can’t talk to you” before hanging up.

An FBI spokesman, Jeffrey Van Nest, also declined to answer any questions, saying: “We’re not in a position to provide a comment as to the existence of an investigation.”


In November, a JTTF officer also showed up to the hospital room of Sophia Wilansky, a 21-year-old who was seriously injured during a standoff with law enforcement at Standing Rock, according to her father, Wayne Wilansky. The FBI took her clothes and still have not returned them, he said in an interview this week.

Wayne said he suspected that the FBI brought a terrorism agent given that local police had alleged that activists set off an explosion that caused his daughter’s injuries. Witnesses have said they believe she was hit by a police concussion grenade.


The timing of the FBI hospital visit in Minneapolis was upsetting, he added. “It was especially disturbing, because Sophia’s blood pressure was going up. She was about to be wheeled into surgery.


Activists at Standing Rock have faced blizzard conditions at the camp during the winter months.

Police have repeatedly painted the anti-pipeline movement as dangerous, which is why JTTF may be involved, Regan said.

“From the very beginning, local law enforcement has attempted to justify its militarized presence … by making false allegations that somehow these water protectors were violent.”

The attorney said it also seemed likely that JTTF may have contacted other US WATER PROTECORS, and said she worried they may not have realized their best option is to remain silent and contact a lawyer.


This is not the first time the JTTF has been tied to an investigation of civil rights protesters. Records from Minnesota suggested that the taskforce monitored a Black Lives Matter demonstration against contaminated water supply in lakes .


For indigenous leaders who have vowed to continue fighting the pipeline on the ground, the FBI investigations and ongoing federal prosecutions have become increasingly worrisome.

It’s particularly troubling to some given the US government’s history of aggressively targeting Native American protesters and turning them into political prisoners.


“This is history repeating itself,” said LaDonna Brave Bull Allard, who founded the first camp opposing the pipeline. “I keep on thinking, how we did come to this point? … When did America stop following the law?”

Brandy-Lee Maxie, a 34-year-old Nakota tribe member from Canada, said it’s difficult not to worry about possible prosecution. But the cause, she said, is too important to give up:

“I’m staying here. Whatever happens to those who stay happens. We’ve just got to keep praying.”
END.


NB: From Ladybbird;

Please do not forget, that the countries we now know as AMERICA & CANADA, (North America), were once part of THE NEW WORLD.

Indians were living in both regions for centuries, before the white immigrants moved in. They were the FIRST ILLEGAL IMMIGRANTS! NOT the Mexicans, etc.
They stole land from Mexico and tortured and killed Mexicans and Taino Indians that lived in Mexico..

When Chinese immigrants later arrived in 'America', they were enslaved, as were the Irish and black people > MANY DIED...

"In HISTORY, every great EMPIRE has 'fallen', America will be next.".



Not a surpise TRUMP has changed his mind about CHINA.. > who own most of US ports,, etc.

+ The US can only continue to survive, if CHINA does not recall the loans they have made to the US, over many years..

Remember part of ex-President Obama's final speech.."Let's see how Mr Trump feels, when he becomes President and knows more"..

AND... Note how Mr Trump has slowed down in his rhetoric & reversed nearly ALL of his crazy ideas, since he became President.. ... ...

Simple as that folks...

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Old 13-02-17, 19:29   #3
 
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Update re: TRUMP's Crazy Decisions= He Could Be Removed From Office >Clause in Constitution

US Army Veterans Return to Standing Rock to Form a Human Shield Against Police

A growing group of military veterans are willing to put their bodies between Native American activists and the police trying to remove them.

'We’ve stood in the face of fire before. We feel a responsibility to use the skills we have'


The Independent UK, 13 February 2017





Clashes with police turned violent in December, when around 1,000 veterans formed a human shield between police and 'water protector' protesters Getty Images



US army veterans are returning to Standing Rock to protect Dakota Access pipeline protesters amid violent clashes with the police.

Native American activists are camped near the construction site and some hope the veterans could make it harder for police to remove them.

“We are prepared to put our bodies between Native elders and a privatised military force,” air force veteran Elizabeth Williams told The Guardian.

“We’ve stood in the face of fire before. We feel a responsibility to use the skills we have.”

Police used water hoses and tear gas, and one canister badly damaged the arm of a female protester.

Hundreds of people were arrested.


Native American protesters vowed they would not back down after Trump signed his executive order, overturning decisions made by Barack Obama to halt the construction of the pipeline.


It is opposed by a Native American tribe fearful of water contamination from potential oil leaks.

So far, military veteran organisation Veterans Stand has raised more then $200,000 for a renewed campaign effort against the controversial oil pipeline.

The group will use the money to send supplies to the reservation to help protesters and those who will be affected by the construction of the $3.7bn pipeline.

The growing group of military veterans could make it harder for police and government officials to try to remove hundreds of activists who remain camped near the construction site and, some hope, could limit use of excessive force by law enforcement during demonstrations.

“We are prepared to put our bodies between Native elders and a privatized military force,” said Elizabeth Williams, a 34-year-old air force veteran, who arrived at Standing Rock with a group of vets late on Friday. “We’ve stood in the face of fire before. We feel a responsibility to use the skills we have.”

It is unclear how many vets may arrive to Standing Rock; some organizers estimate a few dozen are on their way, while other activists are pledging that hundreds more could show up in the coming weeks.

Demonstrators also plan to assemble near Trump's Mar-a-Lago estate to protest his decision.

.

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Old 14-02-17, 00:17   #4
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Default re: TRUMP's Crazy Decisions= He Could Be Removed From Office >Clause in Constitution

I am glad to see our vets stand with them. It's a crying shame after all our native Indians have been put through the past few hundred years, being run off their land, massacred and made to spend their lives on federally granted reservations just to be walked on all over again and again. Some times I wonder how this nation of the U.S. got to be so blessed with all the evil in our government. One thing I do know is our government is sooooo good at putting blinders on the citizens of America. People just don't think for themselves anymore but just listen to all the fake news on the idiot boxes (TV), being just like sheep lid to the slaughter.
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Old 12-03-17, 14:48   #5
 
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Default re: TRUMP's Crazy Decisions= He Could Be Removed From Office >Clause in Constitution

Quote:
Originally Posted by Tarfoot View Post
I am glad to see our vets stand with them. It's a crying shame after all our native Indians have been put through the past few hundred years, being run off their land, massacred and made to spend their lives on federally granted reservations just to be walked on all over again and again. Some times I wonder how this nation of the U.S. got to be so blessed with all the evil in our government. One thing I do know is our government is sooooo good at putting blinders on the citizens of America. People just don't think for themselves anymore but just listen to all the fake news on the idiot boxes (TV), being just like sheep lid to the slaughter.

It is disgraceful and after many of the VETs were brutally removed/arrested, some have left the protest..
.
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Old 12-03-17, 15:17   #6
 
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Update re: TRUMP's Crazy Decisions= He Could Be Removed From Office >Clause in Constitution

EXCLUSIVE: 'We Will Not Stop Fighting to Protect OUR Lands.'
Chairman of Standing Rock Tribe says President Trump Never Consulted him Before Signing Executive Order Reviving the Dakota Access Pipeline


  • Chairman of the tribe, Dave Archambault II, said it was 'unfortunate' that the President intended to take action today to advance construction
  • 'It's about looking at what's been here in this nation and who has been paying the cost for the economics,' he added
  • Barack Obama had halted the progress of the Dakota pipeline in early December
  • President Trump reversed Obama's decision, signing an executive action on Tuesday to forge ahead with construction of the Dakota Access pipeline
  • Archambault said he should have been consulted by the new administration
  • Activists had spent months on the land protesting the $3.8 billion pipeline which they believe will endanger the tribe's water supply and lands
  • Between 700 and 800 people remain at the protest camp in North Dakota despite the treacherous winter weather warnings
Daily Mail UK, 12 March 2017


The chairman of Standing Rock Sioux tribe told DailyMail.com that they have been given no opportunity to speak with the Trump administration about their concerns over the Dakota Access Pipeline and said it was 'unfortunate' that the President took action today to advance construction.
Dave Archambault II told DailyMail.com in an exclusive interview: 'It's unfortunate that he's taken a look at only one side.
'It's not just about energy economics or providing jobs for the masses but it's about looking at what's been here in this nation and who has been paying the cost for the economics.





Chairman of Standing Rock Sioux tribe Dave Archambault II said that they have been given no opportunity to speak with the Trump administration about their concerns over the Dakota Access Pipeline





President Trump signed an executive action on Tuesday to forge ahead with construction of the pipeline..



'We are not opposed to economic development but we are opposed to paying the cost so that this nation can benefit.
'I was hoping I would be able to help him understand but I was never given the opportunity to share our concerns and to help him understand why there has been resistance to this pipeline.'

Trump signed an executive action to forge ahead with construction of the Dakota Access pipeline.

Activists had spent months at the Oceti Sakowin camp on the land of the Standing Rock tribe in North Dakota protesting the $3.8 billion pipeline which they believe will endanger the tribe's water supply and lands.

Barack Obama had halted the progress of the Dakota pipeline in early December. Obama also rejected Transcanada Corp's Keystone XL oil pipeline in 2015 after environmentalists campaigned against the project for more than seven years.





Activists had spent months on the land protesting the $3.8 billion pipeline which they believe will endanger the tribe's water supply and lands





Hundreds of tribe members, activists and military veterans marched in a show of solidarity against the Dakota Access in December, after Trump announced his support for the project





Protesters braved the heavy blizzards at the Standing Rock Sioux reservation in North Dakota...





Between 700 and 800 people remain at the protest camp in North Dakota despite the treacherous winter weather warnings...



Chairman Archambault said his tribe would not give up the fight against the pipeline and to protect their lands.
Between 700-800 people remain at the protest camp in North Dakota despite the treacherous winter weather warnings.

He said: 'That's what I don't think the Trump administration understands about the concerns that we have.
'We will continue to build awareness and to try to help this nation understand what is important to us.
'My mission has always been to provide the best future for children who have not yet been born and to do the best we can.'



Quote:

A TIMELINE OF EVENTS SURROUNDING THE DAKOTA ACCESS PIPELINE


December 2014: Energy Transfer Partners LP apply to build a $3.8billion pipeline crossing North Dakota, South Dakota, Iowa and Illinois that would carry 570,000 barrels of crude oil a day

March 11, 2016: Iowa is the last of the four states to approve the pipeline after the state's utilities board unanimously voted for it. The Environmental Protection Agency also sends a letter to the US Army Corp of Engineer to perform an environmental assessment

April 1, 2016: About 200 tribal members from a number of Native American nations stage a protest on horseback. They oppose the pipeline passing through burial sites and land sacred to the Standing Rock Sioux and worry the project will contaminate their drinking water

April 29, 2016: Standing Rock Sioux send a petition to the Army Corps of Engineers, the federal agency overseeing the project, and demand a more thorough environmental impact study

July 26, 2016: The Corp of Engineers approves the most of the final permits, including land easements and 200 water crossings. A spokeswoman for the project says construction can move forward 'in all areas as quickly as possible'

July 27, 2016: The Standing Rock Sioux Tribe files a lawsuit against the Corp of Engineers

August 1, 2016: About $1million worth of equipment is intentionally torched along the DAPL route in Iowa, police say

August 24, 2016: The Standing Rock Sioux brought their case before a federal district judge, saying the government did not consult them on the route of the pipeline. Federal attorneys said the tribe declined the chance to assess the pipeline with them, while Archambault later said they had met with Energy Transfer and explicitly stated their opposition

September 3, 2016: At least six protesters are attacked by guard dogs belonging to a private security company, while dozens more are hit with pepper spray, according to tribe spokesperson Steve Sitting Bear

September 6, 2016: Brian Cladoosby, president of the National Congress of American Indians, makes an appeal to President Barack Obama's advisers to support the Standing Rock Sioux


September 9, 2016: A federal judge rules against the Standing Rock Sioux's request to half construction of the DAPL, but the US Justice and Interior Departments and Army issue an order later that day to halt construction


October 9, 2016: The Standing Rock Sioux's appeal is shot down in federal court, which rules the DAPL can continue construction

October 10, 2016: Actress Shailene Woodleyis arrested for trespassing and engaging in a riot while protesting the pipeline

October 27, 2016:
Officers in riot gear fire bean bags and pepper spray in clashes that result in around 140 arrests. A protest coordinator claimed he was held in a mesh enclosure that appeared to be a dog kennel, which the Morton County Sheriff's Department called 'temporary holding cells (chain link fences)'

October 31, 2016: Supporters mobilize on Facebook, checking into Standing Rock through the social media platform to confuse law enforcement, who were said to be gathering information on protesters, although the sheriff's department said that was 'absolutely false'

November 8, 2016: Energy Transfer Partners LP says the pipeline has reached Lake Oahe


November 17, 2016: The Corps of Engineers says it plans to 'revise its regulations' to ensure its consultations with sovereign tribes are 'confirmed by the U.S. Constitution, treaties, statutes, executive orders, judicial decisions and presidential documents and policies'


November 20, 2016: Authorities use water cannons and rubber bullets on protesters. Sophia Wilansky, a 21-year-old New Yorker, is airlifted to a hospital in Minneapolis after her left hand and arm was injured in an explosion. Her father claims a member of law enforcement threw an object at her which exploded, but law enforcement suggested fellow protesters were to blame

November 25, 2016: Citing safety concerns, the Corps of Engineers say anyone found north of the Cannonball River, which includes the Oceti Sakowin camp, after December 5, could be prosecuted with trespassing. Protest organizers said it was unlikely they would leave

November 28, 2016: North Dakota's Governor Jack Dalrymple orders an emergency evacuation of Dakota Access pipeline protesters, citing harsh winter conditions


December 4, 2016: About 2,000 veterans arrive, saying they will carry on and give protesters who have engaged in the standoff for months a break


December 4, 2016: Obama halts progress of the pipeline. The US Army Corps of Engineers will not grant an easement allowing the pipeline's construction half a mile south of the Standing Rock Indian Reservation




NB: Trump has a financial interest in the DAKOTA ACCESS PIPELINE going ahead.......



UPDATE;


Keystone XL Oil Pipeline Will NOT use American Steel, Despite Donald Trump’s Pledge...

The Keystone XL oil pipeline will not use American steel, seemingly contrary to a Donald Trump election pledge.

AP. 12 March 2017


The White House has claimed this is due to the language used in a presidential directive, which applies to new pipelines or those under repair.

Sarah Huckabee Sanders, the White House spokeswoman, has said it would be difficult for US steel to be used on the Keystone pipeline as it is already under construction.

As recently as last week, Mr Trump had pledged that the Dakota Access pipeline and Keystone would not be built unless American steel was used.

The company responsible for building Keystone, TransCanada, has said the majority of the steel would come from North America, which includes Canada and Mexico.

Soon after taking office, Mr Trump used his executive powers to restart the two pipeline projects that had been blocked by his predecessor, Barack Obama.

The Keystone pipeline will run from Canada to refineries in the Gulf Coast.

It was commissioned in 2010 and has attracted a range of environmental protests. The pipeline was rejected by Mr Obama.
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Old 15-06-17, 14:24   #7
 
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Hot Dakota Pipeline:Native Americans Fight To STOP Greed Destroying Environment

Quote:

'Those are Our Eiffel Towers, Our Pyramids':

Why Standing Rock is About Much More Than Oil


Standing Rock is cast as an environmental protest, but the Native American Water Protectors are part of a religious tradition that predates Christianity

.
The project led to months of demonstrations near the Standing Rock reservation and hundreds of protesters, including US VETs, were arrested. The protests died off with the clearing of the main encampment in February and the completion of the pipeline.




Police officers use TEAR GAS against Native Americans & US Vets Water Protectors trying to access Turtle Island on 2 November, 2016. They were treated like Terrorists

The Guardian, 15 JUN 2017


The LEGAL Residents of The New Land (Now called America) - Native Americans Religious Traditions


Native American participants of Standing Rock identify as Water Protectors rather than protestors and this identification is part of a religious tradition deeply ingrained in their worldview. The camp near the pipeline is named Sacred Stone Camp after a religious tradition relating to the confluence of the Missouri and Cannonball rivers. The camp’s motto is “Defend the Sacred” and much of their activity is singing and praying.

Native Americans have an ancient and rich worldview. Analysis of ancient DNA from the Pacific Northwest to Mexico connects modern indigenous peoples to the earliest humans in the Americas. There is no written record from these ancient cultures; however, oral traditions have been passed down for generations. A recent archaeological discovery in the Pacific Northwest suggests that an oral tradition has survived over 14,000 years.

Indigenous cultures have a worldview fundamentally different to the West: the animate earth. North America is composed of countless nations that have different languages, economies, and social structures including matrilineal and patrilineal traditions. It is a constellation of cultures that is often grouped into the single category “Native American,” a term that poorly expresses the multitude of peoples present.

However, within the many nations of the midwest and south are shared religious elements; an “analogous history of shared cultural themes, transmitted and adopted from Archaic times through the Woodland period and into the Mississippian centuries, continuing in modified form into the Colonial period and even lasting substantially in a few tribes down to the present time” writes Richard Townsend. He explains that archaeology and oral traditions “form an extraordinary record of cultural continuity.”

Just as Western religions are shared across many nations and cultures, these religious elements are found among the diverse indigenous nations of North America, including the Lakota Sioux at Standing Rock.

The key elements of the religious themes are found in the creation story. According to a version told by the medicine man Swimmer, in the beginning there was no land, only endless primordial waters. A creature (a turtle to the Lakota, but a duck, muskrat, or other creature in different traditions) dove deep into the waters and brought mud to the surface.

The mud was spread over the waters to create the Earth Island, or Turtle Island in the Lakota tradition. The cosmos is therefore composed of three levels: the Upper World (sky), This World (land), and the Lower World (waters).
The Upper World is composed the sky, which is highly ordered as seen by the predicable passing of the sun, moon, and stars.
The Lower World is the opposite; it is a cold, watery place that is chaotic.

Evidence can be seen in springs, whose water is always cold in summer’s heat, yet never freezes in the cold of winter, and activity can always be seen below the surface. Spirits inhabit each of these levels, such as the Thunder Bird in the Upper World and the uktena, a snake with horns, in the Lower World.

However, spirits are neither good or evil. Each pursues its own interests and can either help or harm a person. Humans, on Earth in between the ordered Upper World and the chaotic Lower World, must use these two extremes against each other. While the particulars of the oral traditions differ between nations, these themes of the religion reappear. Religion and medicine are about correcting imbalances, using spirits from either side to maintain balance. For this reason, both Upper and Lower world spirits are sacred, especially locations that are interfaces between levels of the cosmos.

The microcosm-macrocosm principle is an important component of the animate earth. Each place – caves, cliffs, springs, etc. – has a spirit and can influence the cosmos, which is where the term animate earth originates. Landscape, built structures, and artwork recreate the cosmos through the microcosm-macrocosm principle.

The mounds that indigenous peoples built all over the continent are thought to be reconstructions of the Earth Island and many have sand or mud as their first layer to represent the sediment that was spread over the primordial sea.
Since affecting the microcosm has influence over the macrocosm, sites like Turtle Island at Standing Rock, Camp Coldwater Spring, or Waconda Spring are not only microcosms of the Earth, but are regarded as the same as the actual place of creation.

Spiritual leader Gary Cavender described, “The Camp Coldwater spring is a sacred spring... The Spring is the dwelling place of the undergods and is near the center of the Earth... The spring is the site of our creation myth (or ‘Garden of Eden’) and the beginning of Indian existence on Earth.”

There are commonalities found among Native Americans cultures in the past and present relating to these religious traditions. Motifs such as the Thunder Bird and underwater spirits like the uktena are found in every period. Certain materials associated with the three-leveled cosmos such as mica, copper, quartz, and meteorites have been used in religious contexts for centuries. These symbols provide evidence of the continuity of these religious themes across ever-changing cultures, economies, and languages. It is a religious tradition dating to the Archaic Period and may originate earlier in the Paleoindian period.


European Versus Indigenous Perception of Religious Places



Western religions use built structures to distinguish sacred places from the natural world. It is a ‘flag mentality’ where ownership is identified through imposing a material object on a landscape, such as the planting of a flag or building a church.

In contrast, native traditions conduct religious ceremonies at notable landscape features such as high cliffs, buttes, caves, springs, and the confluence of rivers, often without structures or objects. The dissonance between these two worldviews results in misunderstanding by non-native peoples as to what constitutes a sacred place.

An example is Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minnesota, which is built on an indigenous sacred landscape. Many of the holy locations are watery places: St. Anthony Falls, Camp Coldwater Spring, and the confluence of the Minnesota and Mississippi rivers.

The holy of holies is Wakan Tibi, or Sacred House, whose European name is Carver’s Cave. The cave contained a lake where the Great Spirit lived.

Every year, leaders from every Sioux nation would set aside differences and meet in front of the cave to discuss alliances and grievances. Despite evidence from oral histories, archaeologists in the 1970s argued that the cave was not culturally important because there were no “things” found in it.
Dialogue has changed this erroneous perception and Wakan Tibi/Carver’s Cave is now understood to have great cultural significance. However, this error persists at Standing Rock.

This is not to say that Native peoples did not build structures, simply that not every religious place contains structures or objects. Cahokia, near present day St. Louis, had a population at its peak that rivaled medieval Paris and London. The city was composed of massive mounds that are still standing today, as well as wooden construction that has since disappeared.

Nevertheless, even the Mississippians of Cahokia revered the sacred places of the earlier Hopewell, as did the later Siouan cultures. Rather than built structures as found at European religious sites, these animate earth religious sites can be identified as natural formations: springs, rocky outcrops, and caves. Especially dramatic or unique formations are revered as the most sacred places such as Wakan Tibi/Carver’s Cave, Waconda Spring, and Bears Ears.


Standing Rock in Religious Context


These religious traditions provide the context for Standing Rock’s opposition to the pipeline. Even if indigenous spokespersons were not telling the public that the area where the pipeline passes is a sacred location, the landscape itself is clearly identifiable as fitting these religious elements.

The pipeline’s route crosses a high rock promontory at the confluence of two rivers, a landscape that is an interface between the levels of the cosmos. The island where the Water Protectors attempt to gather is named Turtle Island and it is a microcosm of the Earth Island upon the waters. An island that rises high above the surrounding landscape, visible from far away, and the confluence of two rivers are immediately identifiable elements of a Native American sacred location.

Just as the confluence of the Minnesota and Mississippi rivers is a holy place in Minnesota, the confluence of the Cannon Ball and Missouri rivers at Turtle Island is sacred, but it has an added significance. “At the confluence of where those two rivers met was a great whirlpool that created perfectly round stones that were considered to be sacred,” Jon Eagle Sr. explained in an interview to Indian Country Magazine.

The Sioux call the river Inyan Wakan Kagapi Wakpa, or River Where the Sacred Stone Are Made- wakan translating as sacred or holy. Religious ceremonies have been performed at this location for centuries. Both the river and the local town of Cannon Ball take their names from the round stones that formed in the river.

The area and stones are sacred, a “historic place of commerce where enemy tribes camped peacefully within sight of each other because of the reverence they had for this place. In the area are sacred stones where our ancestors went to pray for good direction, strength and protection for the coming year. Those stones are still there, and our people still go there today,” explains Eagle. The Water Protectors’ camp is named Sacred Stone Camp for this location.

Meeting places where conflict was forbidden were rare. These sacred sites are only found next to the most important natural formations, often centered around watery places like springs or rivers. Examples include Wakan Tibi/Carver’s Cave, Waconda Spring, and Standing Rock’s whirlpool.

Unfortunately, the entrance to Wakan Tibi was destroyed to create a rail system and the Army Corps destroyed both Waconda Spring and the Cannon Ball River whirlpool through dam construction.


Quote:
This is the first time the 7 bands of the Sioux have come together since Little Bighorn.
Hawste Wakiyan Wicasa

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The Army Corps and Energy Transfer Partners have argued that the land that the pipeline crosses is not sacred since there is no evidence of buildings or burials. An archaeological assessment confirmed that no burials were present, but it did not include analysis of the landscape from the perspective cosmology and oral traditions.

Not only did the decision to move forward with the pipeline ignore the fact that most indigenous sacred places do not have built structures, but it also demonstrates a lack of understanding of Sioux burial practices. The Sioux place the dead on scaffolds 6-12 feet high or in trees so they are open to the sky.

The idea that the area around Turtle Island should contain built structures or bodies interred in the ground in order for it to be considered a holy site is a European perspective on religious places. Though Standing Rock citizens explained this to the government and showed evidence from oral histories and ethnographies since the 18th century, the pipeline continues to move forward.

The desire to protect Standing Rock has mobilised indigenous communities as never before. “This is the first time the seven bands of the Sioux have come together since Little Bighorn [in 1876],” Hawste Wakiyan Wicasa told BBC in an interview. “Now, we have no weapons, only prayers.” To categorise Standing Rock as anti-industry or solely an environmental protest is to misunderstand the context.


The first Sioux treaty in 1851 provided 12,500,000 acres to indigenous peoples, but it was reduced to 640,000 acres by 1910 as the US government successively broke four treaties.



From the 1940-1970s, dam construction disproportionately submerged indigenous property, often targeting communities and sacred places. The two largest reservations in North Dakota were chosen as locations for reservoirs with Garrison Dam flooding 153,00 acres of indigenous property and Oahe Dam flooding 200,000 acres of Standing Rock Reservation.
Losing homes, schools, and infrastructure, the dislocated families were left without roads, running water, or basic living conditions and they continue to await proper compensation. The famous scholar Vine Deloria, Jr., who was from Standing Rock, said the dam program was, “the single most destructive act ever perpetuated on any tribe by the United States.”

Sacred places have been purposefully targeted; the Mount Rushmore monument in South Dakota was built over the Black Hills (Ȟe Sápa), the holiest site in Sioux religion, and Waconda Spring, Kansas, was submerged under the Glen Elder Dam.

A unique geological formation, the decision to submerge Waconda Spring (indigenous name: Ne-Wakan Tonka) was widely protested by indigenous peoples, white residents, and the scientific community. For no practical purpose, buildings were bulldozed into the spring before it was submerged.

The nationwide targeting of religious places, along with massacres (the Whitestone Hill Massacre, which killed more civilians than Wounded Knee, occurred to the east of Standing Rock), and the removal and forced re-education of indigenous children has left indigenous communities mistrustful of the government.

When the pipeline was diverted from Bismarck, followed by the waiving of the mandated environmental and historical preservation assessments, indigenous communities felt the Army Corps was repeating the actions of the dam projects.





Native American reservations and reservoir projects in the United States with an inset image of reservoirs in Sioux territories, including Standing Rock. Illustration: Mateusz Polakowski




The public may not be aware of the destruction of indigenous religious sites, but to Native Americans the attacks are equivalent to the loss of sites like the Vatican, Notre Dame, the Ka’ba, or Temple Mount.


“Those are our synagogues. Those are our Eiffel Towers, our pyramids. When you look out at the land, you don’t see anything like [Turtle Island]; how it comes out of the ground. Everything about us is with the Earth, including our [sacred] sites,” explained Floris White Bull, when describing Turtle Island’s significance.



Indigenous religious places have centuries of oral traditions demonstrating their importance and early Europeans recorded their place-names so that derivations of wakan/wicon/wakhon are found on maps across the country. The Standing Rock protest is the most recent product of a lengthy history of government and state policies that disregard native spokespersons and misunderstand what constitutes a sacred place.


The Need for Indigenous Spokespersons in the Media




There is a Sioux oral tradition of a “black snake” that would one day come to their homeland, which many in the community interpret as the pipeline.


The artwork around Sacred Stone Camp depicts Upper World imagery, which reflects action to balance the cosmos against a Lower World spirit like the “black snake.” In every regard the Sioux have been consistent in their religious practice, but government and state officials do not listen to the indigenous spokespersons
: ..






CROPS/FISH & WILDLIFE are aleady dying because of the drilling works for the PIPELINE & WATER POLUTION..






Inhabitents try to save what crops they have, before the WATER Supply to the LAND dries up



While the public was shocked to see force used against protestors at the behest of a corporation, the response was muted to some degree because the media has failed to address the religious aspects of the Water Protectors.

Cast as an environmental protest, the media coverage gives the impression of hippies and anti-establishment types rather than one of the oldest religions under attack. The actions failed to garner the same phrasing or passions as the coverage of the attacks on Christian communities in the Middle East.




There is a broad public failure to understand indigenous issues and religion, which is why indigenous voices are needed on the major media networks. The most significant concern should be that the United States government still does not listen or believe indigenous communities when they speak about their religion. The Standing Rock Sioux have been unequivocal about the sacred nature of Turtle Island and the path of the pipeline, yet the Army Corps, courts, and the State of North Dakota sought evidence and conducted studies to prove whether or not these statements are valid.

These policies are not confined to the Dakota Access Pipeline. At the request of 30 Native American tribes, the Obama Administration protected the sacred Bears Ears by creating a national monument. President Obama described the landscape in terms that readers should now find familiar,


“Rising from the center of the southeastern Utah landscape and visible from every direction are twin buttes so distinctive that in each of the native languages of the region their name is the same: Hoon’Naqvut, Shash Jáa, Kwiyagatu Nukavachi, Ansh An Lashokdiwe, or ‘Bears Ears.’



For hundreds of generations, native peoples lived in the surrounding deep sandstone canyons, desert mesas…one of the densest and most significant cultural landscapes in the United States.”


However, the Trump Administration announced a review of 24 monuments, including Bears Ears, and will potentially reverse the protection. Four of the reviewed monuments are submerged marine monuments, but 19 of the remaining 20 contain Native American sacred places or archaeological sites.

Newly appointed Supreme Court justice Neil Gorsuch built his reputation protecting Christian religious freedom and expression, including monuments. It would be interesting to see how he would rule on an indigenous religious place.



Oral traditions and archaeological evidence demonstrate continuity from the early cultures on the continent through present day, a religious tradition that may predate most of the world’s major religions. If members of the Cult of the River Keepers from 5,000 years ago awoke today, there is little they would recognize. However, they might identify elements of their religion in the Standing Rock Water Protectors. As the pipeline opens on May 15, it is worth having a public discussion about the religious context of Standing Rock in the hope that the surviving sacred sites will not suffer the same fate. That discussion begins by listening to indigenous spokespersons when they speak about their religion and experiences.
END


NB: If the pipeline goes ahead, over 18 million Americans will also lose their WATER SUPPLY > NOT just Native Americans. Where are they in all these protests ?


+ Oil CEO Tried To Bribe Native Americans To Support Dakota Pipeline..READ MORE.. CLICK Here;



Oil CEO Says Bribing Native Americans Will Stop Dakota Protests | News | teleSUR English


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Quote:
rose halsey3 months ago (on YouTube)

I Pray for All People-----White Ranchers & Farmers & Cities/Towns down stream will be affected greatly should the Pipeline leak! ( God Help Us Human Beings/Birds/Fish/Creatures!!!! So very sad how it all ended! I cried for days after it was forced closed-Forever & Ever!! My Relatives who live in Cannonball will be watched by Law Enforcement forever!! I am so sad for All of Us. We are all doomed!!

.


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TRUMP is only interested in saving years of his failed business attempts.. > He still has over 400 legal court cases against him, involving SUB-Contractors and previous employees.. Not surprising he does not want anyone to see his TAX RETURNS, NOR AUDITS within..
It is called CORRUPTION.

Now he is President of the US.
END.


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"In History, EVERY GREAT EMPIRE Has fallen... America Will Be NEXT" ..
Tony Benn, WISE British MP, that Knew CHURCHILL Before they both died


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Checkmark Choctaw Indians Raised Money for the Irish During The Great Hunger

How Choctaw Indians Raised Money for Irish Great Hunger Relief

Irish Central, 16 Dec 2017.




In 1847, the Indians of the Choctaw nation raised $170 for Irish Famine relief.Artist America Meridith

On March 23, 1847, the Indians of the Choctaw nation took up an amazing collection. They raised $170 for Irish Famine relief, an incredible sum at the time worth in the tens of thousands of dollars today.


They had an incredible history of deprivation themselves, forced off their lands in 1831 and made embark on a 500 mile trek to Oklahoma called “The Trail of Tears.” Ironically the man who forced them off their lands was Andrew Jackson, the son of Irish immigrants.


On September 27, 1830, the Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek was signed. It represented one of the largest transfers of land that was signed between the U.S. Government and Native Americans without being instigated by warfare.
By the treaty, the Choctaws signed away their remaining traditional homelands, opening them up for European-American settlement. The tribes were then sent on a forced march.

As historian Edward O’Donnell wrote “Of the 21,000 Choctaws who started the journey, more than half perished from exposure, malnutrition, and disease. This despite the fact that during the War of 1812 the Choctaws had been allies of then-General Jackson in his campaign against the British in New Orleans.’

Sixteen years later they met in their new tribal land and sent the money to a U.S. famine relief organization for Ireland. It was the most extraordinary gift of all to famine relief in Ireland. The Choctaws sent the money at the height of the Famine, “Black 47,” when close to a million Irish were starving to death.

Thanks to the work of Irish activists such as Don Mullan and Choctaw leader Gary White Deer the Choctaw gift has been recognized in Ireland.

In 1990, a number of Choctaw leaders took part in the first annual Famine walk at Doolough in Mayo recreating a desperate walk by locals to a local landlord in 1848.

In 1992 Irish commemoration leaders took part in the 500 mile trek from Oklahoma to Mississippi. The Choctaw made Ireland’s president Mary Robinson an honorary chief. They did the same for Don Mullan.

Even better, both groups became determined to help famine sufferers, mostly in Africa and the Third World, and have done so ever since.

The gift is remembered in Ireland. The plaque on Dublin's Mansion House that honors the Choctaw contribution reads:

"Their humanity calls us to remember the millions of human beings throughout our world today who die of hunger and hunger-related illness in a world of plenty."
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Update re: Native Americans > 'The Tribe Has Taken Over' Las Vegas

Standing Rock Activist Faces Prison After Officer Shot Him in The Face


The Guardian UK, 4 Oct 2018.


Marcus Mitchell lay facedown on the snowy North Dakota prairie, blood pouring through the gaping wound on the left side of his face. It was just past midnight on 19 January 2017, and a Morton county sheriff’s deputy had just shot the 21-year-old activist with a bean bag pellet amid a demonstration near the Standing Rock Sioux reservation against the Dakota Access pipeline. The lead pellet entered Mitchell’s left eye socket, shattering the orbital wall of his eye and his cheekbone, and ripping open a flap of skin nearly to his left ear.

Paramedics brought Mitchell to the Sanford medical center in Bismarck, North Dakota, where hospital personnel removed the lead pellet from his face. But the harrowing ordeal was only beginning.

Law enforcement officers and hospital staff concealed Mitchell’s whereabouts from family members and supporters, who spent a frantic day and a half searching for him, multiple witnesses say. When a group of family members and legal workers finally discovered him on the hospital’s fourth floor, he was unconscious and shackled to a gurney.

More than 18 months later, Mitchell is being prosecuted in relation to the incident, even as the police officers involved appear to have faced no repercussions. He faces class A misdemeanor charges of criminal trespass and obstruction of a government function, which carry a collective maximum sentence of two years in prison and a $6,000 fine. His trial is scheduled for 8 November in Mandan, North Dakota.

The Morton county sheriff’s department declined a request to comment on this story, citing Mitchell’s forthcoming trial.

Mitchell has permanently lost all five senses on the left side of his face. Nerves and discs in the back of his head are severely damaged. According to a neurologist who diagnosed him, he probably has only two to three years before his neck snaps, rendering him paraplegic.

As police officers kneeled atop him, torquing his arms behind his back to place him in handcuffs, he says he felt like he was drowning in his own blood. He thought he might be on the verge of death. “I thought of my family, I thought of my relatives,” Mitchell says.

Mitchell’s injury is one of the most gruesome to occur during the months-long struggle against the Dakota Access pipeline (DAPL), which drew tens of thousands to the northern Great Plains but was met with oft-ruthless repression by police and private security officers.

Mitchell was initially reluctant to draw attention to his experience, he says, but as the battle against the pipeline continues to inspire indigenous-led struggles against resource extraction, including fights against pipelines from Louisiana to British Columbia, he is now ready to tell his story to the world.

“People in the movement need to know what happened to me,” he says.

Two months before Mitchell was shot, he was studying mechanical engineering at Northern Arizona University when several classmates showed him live streams of police spraying DAPL opponents with water hoses amid sub-freezing temperatures and shooting them with rubber bullets and concussion grenades. The following day, he dropped out of school and hitchhiked to North Dakota. He played numerous roles at the Oceti Sakowin (Seven Fires) Camp, including medic and fire-tender.

The night of Mitchell’s injury marked a turning point in the police’s treatment of the activists known as water protectors. Several participants who spoke to the Guardian feel that police became unrestrained in their brutality because Donald Trump, who has often encouraged violence against his political opponents, was to be inaugurated the following day.

“I was out there on every frontline action, and I saw and felt a whole different energy from the police that night,” says the Oglala Lakota water protector Candi Brings Plenty, who was part of the Oceti Sakowin Camp for six months.

The police arrested 21 people, including Mitchell. After a paramedic sedated him, he awoke in the middle of the surgery to remove the pellet from his eye. While Mitchell was shackled to his bed, two North Dakota bureau of criminal investigations officers questioned him, legal filings show. Mitchell says their questions concerned the possibility of weapons in the water protector camps and protesters’ upcoming plans.

“I was drugged out of my mind by the medications,” Mitchell says. “For almost the whole time I was in the hospital, I couldn’t even speak for myself, but they still interrogated me.”

In the meantime, supporters began worrying after Mitchell failed to appear at an arraignment hearing several hours after his arrest. “We started to get concerned that they had basically disappeared this person,” says Garrett Fitzgerald, a volunteer legal worker from Minnesota who helped track down Mitchell.

Friends and legal workers, including Fitzgerald, called around to the sheriffs, the jail and the state’s attorney, all of whom claimed not to know Mitchell’s whereabouts. When the group visited the Sanford medical center, staff claimed to have no record of him in their system. Mitchell says a nurse had removed the phone in his room to prevent him from making calls.

“Sometimes, when patients are in custody, law enforcement will choose not to have them listed in our medical directory or take other measures for security purposes,” a Sanford health center spokesman, John Berg, said.

An armed security guard who identified himself as working for Bismarck-Mandan Security Inc was stationed in Mitchell’s room. Mitchell says he eventually convinced the guard to let him borrow a cellphone, allowing him to phone his grandmother, after which a family member posted his location on Facebook. When legal workers and family members arrived, the security guard told them the Morton county sheriff’s office had directed him not to allow any visitors. But he soon agreed to un-cuff Mitchell from his bed.

After Mitchell’s supporters transported him to Minnesota for further medical treatment, the Morton county sheriff responded by issuing an arrest warrant. It was later quashed by a North Dakota judge.

“I think what happened to Marcus was just as brutal, if not more brutal, than any other injury that the police caused at Standing Rock,” says the Cheyenne River Sioux tribal member Joye Braun, an organizer with the Indigenous Environmental Network who was injured by police during the same demonstration. “And it’s made even worse because they kidnapped him.”

Since leaving Standing Rock, Mitchell has volunteered for the Black Mesa Water Coalition, a not-for-profit organization that opposes coal strip mining and supports the cultural survival of people living in an area of the Navajo Nation known as Black Mesa.

Mitchell’s trial is among the final ones scheduled in relation to the DAPL project. The prosecution alleges that Mitchell trespassed on a bridge when it was closed to the public and “obstructed law enforcement” as it was attempting to clear people from the bridge.

Despite the trauma of his experience, Mitchell says the sacrifices he has made are worth it to stand up for the earth and for indigenous self-determination.

“I don’t want my grandchildren to live in a world that’s barren and dead,” Mitchell says. “I want them to live in a world that’s fertile and full of water. I don’t want to tell my grandchildren that I did nothing.”


RELATED;
Judge's decision on Dakota Access study likely months away



Marcus Mitchell, a Standing Rock activist, lost all five senses on the left side of his face after a sheriff’s deputy shot him with a bean bag pellet.
Attached Images
File Type: jpg Standing Rock activist.jpg (35.9 KB, 81 views)
File Type: jpg Standing Rock activists.jpg (565.5 KB, 74 views)
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Default re: Native Americans > 'The Tribe Has Taken Over' Las Vegas

Canada Won’t Appeal Pipeline Ruling

The government says it will commit to extensive consultations with indigenous groups affected by the pipeline expansion

Wall St Journal 4 Oct 2018




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Canada’s Federal Court of Appeal ruled in August that the government didn’t adequately carry out its constitutional duty to consult with affected indigenous communities. Above, protesters in British Columbia in March. Photo: jason redmond/Agence France-Presse/Getty Images




OTTAWA—Canada said Wednesday it would waive its right to appeal a court ruling that blocked work to expand the existing Trans Mountain pipeline, arguing it would unnecessarily delay government efforts to complete the energy project.

The Liberal government also unveiled plans to kick-start a new round of consultations with indigenous groups, whose lawsuits led to the latest setback to Canada’s efforts to add to limited pipeline capacity.

The difficulty domestic producers face to move their crude to the U.S. and other foreign markets is weighing on the price of western Canadian crude, which now trades at a significant discount compared with global benchmarks such as Brent and West Texas Intermediate.

In August, Canada’s Federal Court of Appeal annulled regulatory approval for the pipeline project, which envisages nearly tripling the amount of landlocked crude oil that can be moved from the province of Alberta to a Pacific coast port, where it can be loaded on tankers and transported to faster-growing economies in Asia.

In the ruling, the appeal court said the government didn’t adequately carry out its constitutional duty to consult with affected indigenous communities, and the energy regulator relied on a study that didn’t fully consider the impact of increased oil-tanker traffic on the environment.

Wednesday’s decision to waive its right to appeal and restart such consultations is the latest move by the Liberal government to get construction going on the project following the court judgment. Last month, the government instructed the country’s energy regulator to conduct another review in the span of 22 weeks, or 5½ months, with a focus on the impact of increased oil-tanker traffic on the Pacific coast.

Prior to a Wednesday morning Liberal Party caucus meeting, Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau said an appeal “would take another few years” before construction could start. He said a blueprint laid out in the court ruling on how Ottawa should proceed with Trans Mountain “will allow us to get things done quicker and get our resources to new markets other than the U.S. in a more rapid fashion.”

The Liberal government purchased the Trans Mountain pipeline project in May for 4.5 billion Canadian dollars ($3.51 billion) after Kinder Morgan Inc., the original owner, threatened to abandon expansion plans due to political and legal uncertainty. At the time of the acquisition, Canada said completing the pipeline expansion was in the national interest, while adding it didn’t intend to be a long-term owner of the asset.

Construction on the pipeline expansion was immediately halted following the appeal-court ruling.

The initiatives to date from Canada demonstrate “tangible and substantial ways that our government will follow on our duty to consult on the Trans Mountain pipeline in the right way” in the aftermath of the appeal court ruling, Amarjeet Sohi, Canada’s natural resources minister, said at a news conference in the nation’s capital.

“We are not going to presuppose what we are going to hear from indigenous communities. We are going to listen very carefully,” Mr. Sohi said. “And if there are appropriate accommodations to emerge, those will be considered.”

Mr. Sohi declined to put a timeline on how long consultations with the affected 117 indigenous groups would take. He acknowledged some indigenous communities would likely remain opposed to the project following talks, due to the threat the pipeline project poses to their livelihood, which involves fishing off the coastline in British Columbia, Canada’s westernmost province.

Canada’s record on getting major energy infrastructure projects like pipelines completed is fraught with setbacks. Two pipeline projects, championed by Enbridge Inc. and TransCanada Corp. , were scrapped this decade due to local opposition in affected regions. Economists at Bank of Nova Scotia have estimated Canada’s insufficient pipeline capacity costs the economy nearly C$16 billion a year, or 0.75% of economic output.

The lack of pipeline capacity is prompting producers to rely heavily on rail to ship their crude. Last week, Cenovus Energy Inc. announced it signed deals with Canada’s main railway operators that will see the amount of crude oil exported by rail rise substantially, to 100,000 barrels a day, in the coming months.
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Old 28-02-19, 18:35   #11
 
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United States of America FBI Finds 2,000 Human Bones/42,000 Artifacts in US Mans' Home

FBI Discover 2,000 Native American Bones in Indiana Man’s Basement

Almost 2,000 human bones from Native American sites were among thousands of artifacts discovered in an Indiana man’s home.





Human bones belonging to ‘500 Native Americans’ among over 40,000 artifacts from around the world discovered by the FBI in Indiana engineer’s home

  • Indiana man Don Miller built up a vast collection of artifacts, including 2,000 bones from Native American burial sites, before he died in 2015 aged 90
  • The FBI seized some 5,000 items and returned them to their country of origin
  • Experts concluded that the remains found at Miller’s residence likely came from Native American tribes including the Arikara
  • Miller had willingly showed his collection to reporters, residents, and Boy Scout troops, which alerted the FBI to the case
The Guardian UK, 28 FEB 2019.


An FBI investigation determined that homeowner, Don Miller, may have knowingly and unknowingly collected objects in violation of several treaties and federal and state statutes.

Miller, who died in 2015 aged 90, collected artifacts from around the world particularly during his time as an engineer during World War II and also from his missionary work in Haiti.





Don Miller

.
Before his death, Miller agreed to let the FBI seize some 5,000 artifacts so they could be returned to their countries of origin.

But disturbingly, about 2,000 human bones were discovered among the collection.

Tim Carpenter, who heads the FBI’s art crime unit, told CBS News: ‘To the best of our knowledge right now, those 2,000 bones represent about 500 human beings.

‘It’s very staggering,’ Carpenter said. It was previously reported that the items, stored in several buildings on the property about 35 miles southeast of Indianapolis

Asked how the bones came into Miller’s position, Carpenter replied: ‘ I don’t know. I truly don’t know.’

Over the years, Miller had willingly showed his collection to reporters, residents, and even local Boy Scout troops. This is what alerted the FBI to the case.

Experts concluded that the remains found at Miller’s residence likely came from Native American tribes including the Arikara.

Holly Cusack-McVeigh, a professor of archaeology told CBS News: ‘This comes down to a basic human right.




An estimated 42,000 items, including pre-Colombian pottery, an Italian mosaic, and items from China including jewelry from 500 BC are included in the collection




Don Miller, (pictured), collected artifacts from around the world particularly during his time as an engineer during World War II and also from his missionary work in Haiti


‘We have to think about the context of: Who has been the target of grave robbing for centuries?

‘Whose ancestors have been collected for hobby?. And this comes down to racism. They aren’t digging white graves.’

In North Dakota, tribal official Pete Coffey is working with the FBI to return to their rightful resting place.

He explained: ‘All too often here we have been treated as curiosities rather than a people here.

‘They could very well be my own great, great, great, great grandfather, or grandmother, you know, that had been – I characterize it as being ripped out of the earth, you know.’




The monetary value of the entire collection has not been determined but experts said the cultural value of these artifacts is immeasurable



Miller had willingly showed items from his collection to reporters, residents, and even local Boy Scout troops




Miller admitted that he had gone on digging expeditions in foreign countries and in the U.S. for decades which was in violation of antiquities laws





FBI photos have been released and provide a snapshot of the vast collection


Included are an estimated 42,000 items, including pre-Colombian pottery, an Italian mosaic, and items from China, some that Miller labeled ‘Chinese Jewelry’ from 500 BC.

Miller had admitted that he had gone on digging expeditions in foreign countries and in the U.S. for decades which was in violation of antiquities laws.





Tim Carpenter, (pictured) who heads the FBI’s art crime unit, told CBS News that Miller was aware he had taken protected items illegally


Carpenter added: ‘When I first went into his house and saw the size of the collection, it was unlike anything we’d ever seen.

‘Not only me, but I don’t think anybody on the art crime team. Roughly half of the collection was Native American, and the other half of the collection was from every corner of the globe,’ Carpenter added.

The FBI has already returned items from Miller’s collection to several countries, including Cambodia, Canada, Colombia, and Mexico.

A Chinese delegation will go to Indianapolis this week to claim artifacts.

They have already returned some Native American ancestral remains to tribes in the South Dakota region and are planning a large-scale repatriation of remains to other tribes in the coming months.

Carpenter said returning the remains of Native Americans to their rightful home is now a priority for the FBI.

He added: ‘You have to treat these people with dignity. These are human beings and people.

‘It matters. It has meaning to people today, it has meaning to our children and their children.’
.
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'The Tribe Has Taken Over': The Native Americans Running Las Vegas's Only Cannabis Lounge

Nevada law restricts marijuana consumption to private residences until 2021, but sovereignty exempts the Las Vegas Paiute

Paiute Tribe Has the Only Native Cannabis Lounge in Las Vegas

Talking Feather / The Guardian UK, 13 DEC 2019.





Benny Tso, the former chair of the Las Vegas Paiutes, stand inside Nuwu Cannabis Marketplace. The dispensary is owned by the Las Vegas Paiute Tribe. Photograph- Jeff Scheid


A couple seated at a high-top table smoked a joint, while six tourists in a circular booth nearby drank THC-infused beer and reviewed the flower menu. It was the morning of the Southern Paiute’s traditional hunt, when tribal youth learn to shoot and harvest mule deer as adult “providers”, but Benny Tso, 43, was stuck in the Las Vegas Paiute’s new cannabis tasting room, taking meetings and making calls.

The Tudinu, or “desert people”, from whom the Las Vegas Paiute descend, have lived in southern Nevada for more than 1,000 years, spending summers in the mountains and winters by a valley spring until the area was taken over by white settlers. They worked as ranch hands for several decades, and in 1970, the Las Vegas Paiutes became recognized as a sovereign nation, after which they launched several businesses.

Nevada Could Raise $1bn From Seven Years of Marijuana Sales

In 2017, they opened the NuWu Cannabis Marketplace, a glass-walled, big box structure that half resembles a car dealership. NuWu – which means “the people” in Southern Paiute – sits on the tribe’s “colony” one mile away from the neon-lit Fremont Street Experience.

Last month, NuWu became the go-to dispensary for many in Las Vegas, and not just because it’s the only one with a drive-thru window. NuWu opened Nevada’s first cannabis tasting room in October. Sovereignty exempts them from a law that restricts marijuana consumption to private residences until 1 July 2021.

On that date, Sin City will no doubt host the kitschiest, most glammed-out cannabis party scene in the world. A dispensary with “galactic scale”, Planet 13, already has a restaurant and cafe space inside its 112,000-sq-ft marijuana superstore near the Las Vegas Strip. But for the next 21 months, this 55-member Southern Paiute band has the pot lounge business all to itself.

“We laughed at first about it. Like, ‘oh crap, we’re going to be weed dealers?’” said Tso, who served as the tribal council chair for over 10 years. “After we got the jokes aside, we started digging into the numbers. It was just a different way to generate revenue for the tribe when we realized we needed to do something to put our people in better situations.

“Within a year and half this is going to compete with our other businesses,” Tso said of NuWu Cannabis Marketplace. “I think we’ve prolonged our tribe by three to four more generations.”




Customers gather at the NuWu Tasting Room on Saturday 5 October 2019. Photograph- Jeff Scheid:The Guardian


He noted that federal assistance for healthcare, education and law enforcement services has “dwindled” since the recession. In fact, a 2018 report by the US Commission on Civil Rights titled Broken Promises called the funding status for Indian country “grossly inadequate”.

“There are 560 some odd treaties between the US government and tribes, and none of them have been honored,” Tso said. “But with this business we’ve created, we’ll balance out some of those shortfalls.”

Located in a neighborhood with multiple cemeteries, tow yards and homeless shelters, the Southern Paiutes’ cannabis lounge is off the beaten path. But one afternoon last month, Jessica, a Las Vegas local, celebrated her 26th birthday by inhaling smoke from a dab rig that the bartender lit for her.

Dan, an accountant from Denver, ordered a bong hit. “This would be a great place to bring my folks,” he said. “They love to come to Vegas and throw convention out the window.”

Occasionally, NuWu has to cut people off. But overall the experiment has gone so well that two to three other Native American tribes visit each week to learn about the industry some are calling “the new new buffalo”, a reference to the term used for casinos when the Indian Gaming Regulatory Act passed in 1988.

In a city saturated with gambling, where even laundromats and grocery stores have slot machines, the Las Vegas Paiutes never saw the casino business as a viable economic driver. Their main revenue source since 1970 has been a tobacco store that sells tax-free cigarettes.

“The Paiute in an interesting way took advantage of this community that grew around them,” said Michael Green, a history professor at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas. “When you go to Las Vegas, you don’t take care of yourself, and casino culture, for locals who worked there, had a similar impact. You’re working all day with people smoking, drinking and sometimes making considerable money. That became hard to resist, and the Paiutes did well financially knowing there were plenty of smokers in this area.”

The strength and ingenuity they have used to survive centuries of marginalization has parallels to the Las Vegas Paiutes’ creation story, which states that their ancestors roamed the desert as ants until a great flood forced them to crawl up a mountain and ascend trees. When the water receded, they returned to the ground and became “two legs” – human beings – and an especially communal, hardworking sort.

“We do get teased because we’re city Indians, but a majority of us know our culture and that’s the point,” said Tso, whose arms are covered in tattoos of traditional Paiute symbols and tools. His community may need NuWu to be that mountain they climb in the event of a perfect storm, since the tobacco shop revenue plateaued years ago, right as healthcare costs rose to levels unmet by federal support.

Another challenge they face is a corporate invasion.

MedMen and other companies listed on the Canadian Securities Exchange now operate cannabis dispensaries near the Las Vegas strip. According to Dayvid Figler, an attorney who practices cannabis law in Nevada, “The old school Vegas people, the local cultivators, the mom and pops, etc, who were the sole people in the industry are either all gone or have changed their roles.

“From a business standpoint it’s a very volatile terrain,” he added. “You’re getting reports of $30m, $45m, $100m for the transfers of marijuana licenses from establishments within Nevada to these corporate entities that have ownership outside the state.”

The potential for crony capitalism in the Nevada cannabis industry was highlighted last month with the revelation that associates of Rudy Giuliani arrested in Donald Trump’s Ukraine imbroglio unsuccessfully tried to enter the Las Vegas cannabis market through max donations to Republican candidates for governor and attorney general.

The Las Vegas resorts, too, have a stake in the future of the cannabis industry. Acting as the ultimate power broker, the resorts killed a cannabis lounge licensing bill in the 2017 legislature arguing that any marijuana use drifting on to their properties might lead federal regulators to revoke their gaming licenses. This year, the resorts convinced the governor to impose a three-year moratorium on cannabis lounges, and the Las Vegas city council banned such businesses from operating within 1,000ft of any casino.

“In reality, [the resorts] didn’t want the competition. They’re hoping in two years marijuana will go legal federally, and then they can bring it inside the hotels,” said the former state senator Tick Segerblom, who wrote the failed cannabis lounge bill.

Having co-authored the agreement that allowed the Las Vegas Paiutes into Nevada’s cannabis industry, Segerblom (the rare politician with a pot strain named after him), took solace in their success. “The marijuana industry is dominated by white people, but along comes this tribe and just takes over. Of all the things I’ve done, this is the one I’m most excited about.”

“They have outdoor grows taking place in northern Nevada on reservations where hundreds of people haven’t had jobs in forever,” he added. “It’s a true minority group that’s been screwed over since Christopher Columbus, and it’s just fitting justice. I sleep well at night.”





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Old 19-03-20, 19:58   #13
 
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Thumbs Up re: Canadian Police Shown Beating First Nations Chief...

Native American Tribe Takes Trailblazing Steps to Fight Covid-19 Outbreak

Lummi nation will open a pioneering field hospital to treat patients in wave of strong public health measures


The Guardian UK / Daily Mirror UK, 19 MAR 2020




.








.




The Lummi nation, a sovereign Native American tribe in the Pacific north-west, will soon open a pioneering field hospital to treat coronavirus patients, as part of a wave of strong public health measures which have gone further than many governments.


Tribal leaders have been preparing for Covid-19 since the virus first appeared in Wuhan, China, in late 2019, with medical staff beefing up emergency plans, reorganizing services and gathering medical supplies, including test kits and personal protective equipment.

The Lummi reservation is located in Whatcom county – 115 miles north of Seattle, Washington, where the first US Covid-19 case was confirmed in January, followed by the first death in February.

So far, the tribe has reported three Covid-19 cases, but expect numbers to rise as the pandemic progresses.

“We quickly recognised the need to make sacrifices for the greater good, in order to protect our people and the wider community,” said Dr Dakotah Lane, medical director of the tribal health service, who is in strict self-quarantine after coming into contact with a Covid-19 patient.

As the Trump administration stalled, the tribe swiftly introduced mitigation and prevention measures such as social distancing, drive-through testing, telemedicine clinics, and a home delivery service for the elderly.

The tribal council declared a state of emergency on 3 March – 10 days before Donald Trump did the same in the US – and approved $1m to prepare and respond for the evolving pandemic, which includes setting up the hospital.

A community fitness centre, located next to the tribe’s health clinic, has been repurposed into a makeshift hospital, with beds, protective gear and other essential equipment in place. It will open once the pharmacy is fully stocked. The 20-bed hospital will treat less critical inpatients, in order to free up intensive care units in nearby facilities, and prioritize Native Americans from any tribe.

“Our unique approach has piqued a lot of state and federal interest, we’re offering them a different model which shows that tribes are part of the solution in recovery efforts,” said the tribal chairman, Lawrence Solomon. “No private organization is going to try what we’re doing.”

The tribe’s proactive response to the evolving global pandemic has been possible thanks to vast improvements to the quality and capacity of its community healthcare system over the past decade.

Like an increasing number of tribes, the Lummi nation has opted for “self-determination” which enables greater financial flexibility and clinical autonomy – as opposed to depending on the federally controlled Indian Health Service (IHS) which has suffered decades of severe underfunding.

As a result, the Lummi health services raises substantial revenue by treating patients on Medicaid and Medicare – the third party billing program created by President Obama in 2010. This extra cash has allowed them to invest in infrastructure and build capacity: the tribe now has eight doctors compared with just three in 2013, including three physicians with public health expertise.

CDC modeling suggests that anywhere between 2.4 million and 21 million people in the US could require hospitalization during the course of the pandemic, potentially overwhelming the hospital system which has only 925,000 beds nationwide.

The Lummi want to help. Dr Lane said: “The Lummi believe in controlling our own destiny. We don’t count on help reaching us, but the hospital is something we can do to help the community.”


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Old 02-04-20, 01:09   #14
 
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TRUMP Administration Revokes Tribe’s Reservation Status in ‘Power Grab’

A tribe is losing reservation status for its more than 300 acres in Massachusetts, raising fears among Native American groups that other tribes could face the same fate under the Trump administration.

Sign of willingness to use discretionary powers to attempt to take lands away from Native American tribes, advocacy group says

The Guardian UK 1 APR 2020









The Mashpee Wampanoag tribe, which traces its ancestry to the Native Americans that shared a fall harvest meal with the Pilgrims in 1621, was notified late on Friday by the federal Bureau of Indian Affairs that it will be rescinding its reservation designation and removing the land from federal trust, according to Cedric Cromwell, the tribe’s chairman.


He said the move is “cruel” and “unnecessary” as the tribe and others across the nation are struggling to respond to the coronavirus pandemic within their sovereign lands.

The decision, if allowed to stand, would destroy much of what the tribe has worked to build in recent years on its sovereign lands, Cromwell said. That includes establishing an independent judicial system, police force and Wampanoag-language school, as well as beginning construction on a roughly 50-unit tribal housing development and breaking ground on a $1bn resort casino

“Talk about being blindsided. It was a sucker punch in the face from the bully you thought was your friend,” Cromwell said. “I thought they were calling to see how we’re doing in all of this. To do it at 4pm on a Friday during a pandemic? That’s sneaky.”

The US Department of the Interior, which oversees Native American affairs, is obligated by a recent federal court decision to remove the special land designations, which were bestowed in 2015 under then President Barack Obama, according to Conner Swanson, an agency spokesman.

In February, the US court of appeals in Boston upheld a lower-court decision declaring the federal government had not been authorized to take land into trust for the Cape Cod-based tribe.

The Mashpee Wampanoag tribe declined to challenge that decision, but Cromwell argues a separate lawsuit filed in federal court in Washington DC, is still pending.

The decision is the latest concerning sign that the Trump administration is willing to use its discretionary powers to attempt to take lands away from tribes, said Jean-Luc Pierite, of the North American Indian Center, a Boston-based advocacy group.

“This is an existential crisis for tribes,” Pierite said. “It’s a power grab and a land grab by the Trump administration.”

Former vice-president and now 2020 presidential candidate Joe Biden posted a protest on Twitter to the Trump move;


Quote:
In the midst of a pandemic, the Trump Administration chose to expend effort to attempt to disestablish the Mashpee Wampanoag Tribe’s reservation. #IStandwithMashpee and with all of Indian Country. https://time.com/5812813/mashpee-wampanoag-revoking-reservation-status/ …




Last April, the interior department withdrew trust status from lands owned by the Santa Ynez Band of Chumash Indians in California, citing the discovery of endangered bird species.

Congress eventually included a provision in a defense spending bill in December declaring that the more than 1,400 acres of land would be held in trust for the tribe to build housing.

Swanson stressed the Mashpee Wampanoag tribe retains its federal recognition, which it earned in 2007.

The tribe’s more than 300 acres – about half of which are located in the town of Mashpee and the other half in Taunton near the Rhode Island state line – also remain in the tribe’s ownership, as it had before the federal government took them into trust, he noted.

Cromwell promised the tribe would continue its decades-long land fight.

“These are the lands of our ancestors, and these will be the lands of our grandchildren,” he said. “We will not rest until we are treated equally with other federally recognized tribes and the status of our reservation is confirmed.”
END





NB: TRUMP decided to announce & post on TWITTER
his use of discretionary powers through federal agencies to take lands away from Native American tribes.. & did his latest sneaky action on the day forklifts were loading Dead Bodies into N.Y.Refrigerated Trucks????

M
embers I think we are all intelligent to know that his decision to tweet that announcement on that same day, he was trying to detract the amount of DEAD AMERICANS being loaded into containers.. & hoped the world press would forget about the dead bodies...

Pure EVIL, he does not have the capacity to show kindness to anyone.. So sad..

Please also remember
the Ojibwe/Chippewa are another Tribe in North America (Canada)..That are treated so badly by the Canadian Authorities


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Old 14-05-20, 13:33   #15
 
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United States of America re: Canadian Police Shown Beating First Nations Chief...

South Dakota Republican Governor Threatens to Sue Over Sioux's Coronavirus Roadblocks

Two Native American tribes are restricting entry to their territory to prevent a major outbreak but Republican Kristi Noem, a strong Trump ally, objects


The Guardian UK, 14 MAY 2020




Native American tribes in South Dakota have vowed to keep operating checkpoints to protect their people from the coronavirus, despite threats of legal action from the Republican state governor.


The Cheyenne River Sioux and Oglala Sioux tribes installed multiple checkpoints on roads leading to their reservations in early April, as part of each sovereign nation’s comprehensive emergency response to minimize the spread of Covid-19.

They say restricting non-essential visitors and monitoring who comes in and out of their territory will aid contact tracing, and are essential tools in the fight against the global pandemic.

Tribal leaders in South Dakota are concerned about potentially devastating Covid-19 outbreaks like the one unfolding in the Navajo nation, where deep-seated structural, economic and health injustices have enabled coronavirus to spread widely and hampered efforts to curtail it.

So far, the number of confirmed cases remains low: one on the Cheyenne River reservation and two on Oglala’s Pine Ridge.

Yet last Friday, Governor Kristi Noem threatened to sue the tribes. “If the checkpoints are not removed within the next 48 hours, the state will take necessary legal action,” she wrote.

Noem, a staunch Trump ally, claimed that the tribes had broken the law by failing to consult authorities before imposing traffic restrictions on state and federal roads.

The tribes responded defiantly, arguing they had every right to implement measures on roads in tribal territory, no matter who built them, in order to protect the lives of their people.

“The checkpoints are part of a robust system to identify, isolate and track individuals, and make sure they are cared for properly. We are not restricting agriculture, commerce or residents, they are free to come and go,” said Remi Bald Eagle, the intergovernmental affairs coordinator for Cheyenne River.

“This is part of our holistic plan to make sure our members are protected … because we didn’t see a plan from the state.”



Noem is among eight governors who refused to issue a statewide stay-at-home order, claiming such edicts reflected “herd mentality” and it was down to individuals to decide whether “to exercise their right to work, to worship and to play. Or to even stay at home.”

Infections are on the rise in the state, with 3,663 confirmed cases including at least 39 deaths as of Wednesday, according to the New York Times database.

The governor’s threat evoked painful memories of previous US intervention at Pine Ridge during the 1970s, according to Chase Iron Eyes, spokesman for Oglala tribal chair, Julian Bear Runner.

In 1973 federal agencies, including the FBI, were involved in an armed standoff with members of the American Indian Movement on the reservation.

On Sunday, hundreds of members of an Oglala warrior society gathered on the reservation borders amid fears state authorities would attempt to forcibly shut down the checkpoints, which are manned 24 hours a day by a private security firm.

“They think they can come in and do what they did in the 1970s … disturb our peace, security and safety, but this is a different generation and
the state has poked a sleeping bear,” said Iron Eyes.
“This is a very scary time and Covid-19, like climate change and extractivism, poses an immediate threat to our survival and we’ll respond to protect our people.


In a press conference on Tuesday, Noem appeared to backtrack, acknowledging that any legal action must be federal.

This was followed by a second, less combative letter – sent only to Harold Frazier, chairman of Cheyenne River, again requesting that checkpoints on state and federal highways be immediately removed, but with no mention of legal action.

The governor’s spokesman declined to comment.

For now, the 24/7 checkpoints continue, with tourists and hunters among the few non-essential travelers being turned away.

Bald Eagle added: “As one of our elders said, ‘You don’t lock the door once the wolf is in the room – you lock it before it gets in.’ That’s our philosophy.”

Noem doesn't know the laws, @govkristinoem

The treaties are the supreme law of the land. Reservations are reserved lands by international treaty. Most of the 1851 and 1868 Fort Laramie Treaty land has been stolen.

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Navajo nation reels under weight of coronavirus – and history of broken promises.
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‘Their Greed is Gonna Kill Us’: Indian Country Fights Against More Fracking

Expansion of drilling in New Mexico would threaten sacred artefacts and bring public health risks to area still reeling from Covid-19

The Guardian UK, 10 JUN 2020










The Chaco culture national historical park, in New Mexico. Photograph: Richard Susanto/Getty Images/Flickr RF


A few winters ago, Sam Sage started getting strange phone calls.

Families living in rural areas south-west of Counselor, New Mexico, were telling him they saw sickly bull snakes and near-death rattlers above ground during the snowy, winter months of the south. Sage, the administrator at the Counselor Chapter House, a Navajo local government center, was incredulous.

“In February? There’s no snakes in February,” he said.

Sage had a theory for what was happening: underground vibrations from hydraulic fracturing, or fracking, forced the snakes from their dens and on to the surface.

Over the years, he’s noticed other changes. Vegetation died off and the climate became drier. People living in homes with dirt floors told him they had felt vibrations from the ground late at night, from 2 to 4am.

The Navajo and Puebloan lands of north-western New Mexico where Counselor is located are no stranger to drilling. The first oil well in the area was reportedly drilled in 1911 with natural gas following soon after.

Today, the US Bureau of Land Management is considering a plan, known as the Mancos-Gallup Amendment, which could lease land in the region for some 3,000 new wells – many of which would be for fracking oil and gas.

The plan would expand drilling into some of the northern New Mexico’s last available public lands, threatening the desecration of sacred Native artefacts near Chaco Canyon while bringing in a swath of new public health risks to a place that’s already reeling from one of the worst Covid-19 outbreaks in the world.


Fighting the amendment is something of a last stand for Native and environmental activists who have seen the oil and gas industry proliferate in recent decades.
They say at least 90% of public lands in northern New Mexico are already leased for oil and gas drilling.

Under the Trump administration, the amount of US lands up for lease to oil and gas companies has skyrocketed – 461m acres across the country, as of earlier this year.
To New Mexico environmentalists and indigenous activists, the new plan is just another instance of the administration’s energy dominance agenda threatening some of the country’s most pristine lands.


The new proposal would encroach further upon the Chaco culture national historical park — a network of historic archaeological sites that today hold Unesco World Heritage status and are of spiritual importance to Navajo and Puebloan people in the region.

“To a non-indigenous person, they are ruins. But to an indigenous Pueblo person, they’re still active sites that are used in spiritual ways,” said Julia Bernal, the environmental justice director at the Pueblo Action Alliance, an indigenous sustainability organization formed in the wake of Standing Rock. “The fight has constantly been, ‘These are sacred sights.’ But the non-indigenous power is like, ‘Well prove to us these are sacred sites.’ How can we prove that when it’s our beliefs?”

Native people have been living in Chaco Canyon for hundreds – if not thousands – of years, long before the construction of the recognizable Chacoan great houses starting in the mid-ninth century, Turner said. Archaeologists and researchers have been studying the region for 150 years, but “we’re just barely beginning to understand what was going on there,” she added.

Turner said researchers don’t fully understand fracking’s potential for archaeological wreckage. However, fracking requires pumping sand, water and chemicals deep underground and then horizontally, breaking through rock formations to release oil or gas, making it more destructive than traditional, vertical wells.

Archaeologists estimate there are Native artefacts throughout much of the 7,500-sq-mile San Juan Basin, some of them likely buried underground and at risk from drilling. Julia Bernal said the sites are more than historic artefacts.
Pollution and health concerns grow more important

Those like Sage, who have spent their life on the lands where fracking has become widespread, point at everyday health and security risks that come with having drilling operations nearby.

The spectre of drilling’s dangers became real in 2016 when oil tanks owned by WPX Energy exploded near Nageezi, New Mexico, causing a massive fire that burned for days.

“It sounded like a pop and then a whoosh, like gas going into a hot air balloon,” Nageezi resident Ida Begay told the Navajo Times.

“These explosions shook the air.”


Begay and more than 50 others were evacuated from their homes in the incident, which weighs heavily in the minds of many in the region today.


Some residents have complained of headaches and other health issues, caused by breathing in methane.

Mario Atencio, a Navajo organizer, said he was overcome by headaches when visiting an orphaned well by his grandma’s land near Counselor last year.

Below Atencio’s grandma’s land and much of north-west New Mexico sits the San Juan Basin, a 75m-year-old geologic formation that is a major natural gas and oil field.

Above the basin and throughout the Four Corners region is a massive cloud of methane – “the largest concentration of the greenhouse gas methane seen over the United States”, according to a 2016 Nasa study.

Burning off the excess from natural gas wells, or flaring, is the primary cause of this massive pollution. But the gas also leaks from abandoned wells like the one on Atencio’s grandma’s land.

Breathing in methane can cause headaches has been linked to health issues, including neurodevelopmental effects on children.

Equipment at a fracking well in the world’s largest oil field, straddling the border between Texas and New Mexico.

Atencio, who works with the environmental group Diné Care and is an adviser for Daniel Tso, a Navajo Nation councilmember, said the Bureau of Land Management is often unclear about the health and environmental risks of drilling.

Atencio said that when BLM representatives approach people about getting consent to lease their land for drilling, many residents walk away believing it’s going to be an older type of vertical drilling, “like the Beverly Hillbillies”. The assumption is that if they sign the agreement, their land will produce oil safely and they’ll get a big check, he said.

It seemed as if BLM authorities try swaying Native people to favour drilling, leaving out certain facts, Atencio said.
“That by the very definition is environmental racism and environmental injustice,” he added.

In a statement, Jillian Aragon, a BLM spokesperson, said the agency is developing the Mancos-Gallup Amendment “in coordination with the Bureau of Indian Affairs to ensure the proper fulfillment of our obligations to Tribal communities”, adding that tribes, Pueblos and others’ comments will inform the final document.

As more residents learn about the risks from fracking – from the air pollution to the disturbances to wildlife and Native artefacts – opposition to expanding drilling has grown, Atencio said, and the oil and gas checks aren’t as important as they once seemed.

“We’re not worried about your money. That ship has sailed,” he said. “We’re worried about the health impacts coming out of these wells.”

Covid-19 is making health concerns more prescient. The Navajo Nation and surrounding areas have some of the highest per-capita infection rates in the world.

Environmental organizers are concerned that air pollution in the region will exacerbate the death toll, pointing to a recent Harvard study showing that people living in areas with higher pollution have a significantly higher death rate.

The coronavirus has slowed the Mancos-Gallup Amendment’s path forward by a few months, at least. After the pandemic began, Native organizers pleaded with BLM for weeks to extend a public comment period. Many weren’t able to attend the Zoom hearings due to the spotty or nonexistent internet service around the Greater Chaco region.

Just before the deadline, BLM listened, and pushed the comment deadline to late September, a 120-day extension.

Still, for many in this part of Indian Country, the extension isn’t enough: the Mancos-Gallup Amendment and drilling ever-nearer to Chaco is too much.

Sage believes that the Trump administration and its BLM are forcing through the amendment as part of their energy dominance agenda, regardless of their risks.

“They’re gonna kill us for their own greed,” Sage said.

Chaco park and other parts of the canyon are protected from drilling through a congressional funding bill.

But there are some 250 outlying sites spread throughout north-west New Mexico, said Michelle Turner, an archaeologist studying the region.

Many of those sites are connected by ancient roads, she said, which are gradually being erased by drilling-related development.


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First Nations Chief Shown Being Punched by Canadian Police in Video

Chief Allan Adam of Fort Chipewyan First Nation alleges police assaulted him in parking lot in March


The Guardian UK, 12 JUN 2020


  • Chief Allan Adam of the Athabascan Chipewyan First Nation alleges these lacerations and bruises were the result of a beating from RCMP officers in Fort McMurray, Alta. (Supplied)

Canadian police tackled and punched a prominent First Nations chief in the parking lot of a casino as they accused him of resisting arrest.

On Saturday, Chief Allan Adam of Fort Chipewyan First Nation in Alberta alleged he was assaulted by the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) during the incident in early March. It began over an allegation of an expired licence plate but quickly escalated into what Adam claims was a clearcut instance of excessive force.

He and his lawyer, Brian Beresh, had called on the RCMP to release footage recorded from the police vehicle’s cameras. Police had previously declined, saying the matter was before the courts. On Thursday, as a result of court filings, the video was made public.

“It is now clear why the RCMP refused to release the police video to the public,” Beresh said in a statement, adding that the footage “speaks for itself”.

In the 12-minute clip, Adam grows increasingly frustrated at the police officers, accusing them of harassing his family after they prevented his vehicle from leaving the parking lot early in the morning of 10 March. The vehicle, which police allege was using an expired licence tag, had previously been impounded by police on an unrelated matter and released back to Adam a few days before.

As Adam swears at officers, they repeatedly tell him to get back in his vehicle.

One officer briefly grabs Adam’s wife, Freda Courtoreille, as she stands near the back of the truck. Adam yells at the officer not to touch Courtoreille, who has late-stage rheumatoid arthritis.

As Adam becomes increasingly distressed, the officer tries to grab his arm. Moments later, a second officer appears on the scene and tackles Adam, allegedly punching him in the head as he lies on the ground. “**** you, don’t resist arrest!” the officer yells, along with: “Don’t resist! Don’t resist!” The officer then applies a chokehold.

As police hold Adam on the ground, Courtoreille and bystanders are seen pleading with officers to stop.

Photographs of the chief’s face, swollen and crusted with dried blood, were provided to the Guardian.

Adam was taken to the RCMP detachment, where he was charged with resisting arrest and unlawful assault of a police officer. Courtoreille was arrested for obstruction, but was not charged.

The RCMP alleges that Adam resisted arrest and that the actions of the two officers were “reasonable”.

The province’s police watchdog, the Alberta Serious Incident Response Team, has opened an investigation into the incident.



Feds Urged to Investigate Alleged Police Beating of First Nations Chief




RCMP Dashcam Footage of Chief Allan Adam Arrest



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RCMP dashcam video shows officer tackling, punching Chief Allan Adam during arrest
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Native Americans in New Mexico Have Held Protests to Demand Effigies Glorifying Conquistadors Be Removed

Protests Target Spanish Colonial Statues That Celebrate Genocide in US West

The Guardian UK, 24 JUN 2020




Than Tsídéh, 19, of the Ohkay Owingeh Pueblo dances on the empty platform where a statue of Juan de Oñate was removed. Photograph: Gabriela Campos/The Guardian


As a national debate swirls around statues of Confederate officials, a new battle is brewing in the western US over the fate of monuments glorifying the brutal Spanish conquest of the Americas.

They include effigies of Diego De Vargas, who ordered the execution of 70 Pueblo Indians and the enslavement of hundreds of women and children, and conquistador Juan De Oñate, who is known for ordering the massacre of 800 Acoma people and for the right feet of 24 captive Acoma warriors to be amputated.

Last week, officials in Rio Arriba county, 40 minutes north of Santa Fe, New Mexico, removed the first, a statue of Oñate. The likeness was taken down just hours before a protest was scheduled to demand its toppling.

“It’s a win,” said Luis Pena, who started a petition to remove the statue and stood near the concrete platform covered with blood-red handprints. “Symbols are important, they shape the way we ingest the world … In reclaiming these symbols, we get a chance to tell a side of history that has been left out of the books.”





Protesters surround a statue of Juan De Oñate, known for ordering the massacre of 800 Indigenous people, in Rio Arriba county, New Mexico. Photograph: Anthony Jackson/Albuquerque Journal/ZUMA/REX/Shutterstock


Yet the violence accompanying these protests is a reminder that, as elsewhere in the country, this historical reckoning is contentious.

A few hours after Pena spoke with the Guardian, trouble erupted in Albuquerque, when a possible militia member shot a protester as the group attempted to tear down another statue of Oñate.

The push to remove contested monuments began in the southern US, where 10 Confederate monuments have been removed in less than a month, according to Lecia Brooks, outreach director for the Southern Poverty Law Center, and four other removals are pending. Eight came down in the whole of 2019.

“There is this groundswell from the public that has led people to say these are symbols of white supremacy and they have to come down,” said Brooks.

New Mexico has become the center of this movement in the south-west. Oñate and his soldiers began the Spanish conquest of New Mexico, and the subjugation of its Indigenous peoples, in 1598. The state has long venerated its painful past. The names of conquistadors, like those of Confederate generals in the south, lend themselves to road names, schools, shopping centers and statues.

In northern New Mexico, people grew up with the pageantry of Fiestas De Santa Fe, an annual festival celebrating Spanish culture and conquest that includes school visits by conquistador reenactors.

As an elementary student in Santa Fe, Elena Ortiz, who is from the Ohkay Owingeh pueblo and is a member of social justice group Red Nation, refused to take part. “I remember being terrified they were going to try and get me to dance,” said Ortiz, referring to the parade through school that often involves the kids. “I knew this was not for us.”

Until 2018, the Fiestas included an event known as La Entrada, which celebrated the reconquest of New Mexico by Don Diego De Vargas following the Pueblo revolt, an indigenous uprising in 1680 that expelled the Spanish from New Mexico for 12 years. After sustained pressure, La Entrada was dropped.

“Who are we calling heroes?” asked Jennifer Marley, an indigenous activist who was arrested and then acquitted because of her protest against La Entrada. “It’s a celebration of genocide. An erasure of indigenous people.” .

Oñate, New Mexico’s first colonial governor, is likely the most controversial figure of all. In the late 1990s, a group of activists used a power saw to remove the right foot of Oñate in the middle of the night, gesturing to his mutilation of the Acoma warriors.

“We took the liberty of removing Oñate’s right foot on behalf of our brothers and sisters of Acoma Pueblo,” read a statement by the group. “We see no glory in celebrating Oñate’s fourth centennial, and we do not want our faces rubbed in it.”

“There is a situation where people celebrate warped, Eurocentric versions of history that ignore or vilify indigenous people and mestizos,” said Frank Pérez, a professor at the University of Texas-El Paso. “By celebrating Oñate, we overlook the trauma people have and continue to suffer,”




Proponents of the monuments have long argued that their removal equals an erasure of Hispanic culture. A right-wing blog recently launched an online petition asking the Santa Fe mayor to halt the removal of any more symbols of Spanish colonizers from the city, the Santa Fe New Mexican reported. The editor of the blog said it already has 1,500 signatures.

“The statues are part of the history of New Mexico (like it or not) when you take down a piece of history you take down a piece of us,” reads one of the blogposts in defense of keeping the monuments. “Not the bad, but the culture, the unique culture, and how we got here.”

Brooks, of the Southern Poverty Law Center, argued that the goal was not erasure, but rather a full accounting of the past.

“We are, in fact, erasing history by allowing one side of the story to be told without offering any context,” she said.

Last week the Santa Fe mayor announced the removal of three more contentious monuments in downtown Santa Fe. By Wednesday morning, the statue of Diego de Vargas had been removed from Cathedral park.

Two obelisks – one dedicated in part to “heroes” killed in battle by “savage Indians”, another to Kit Carson, a renowned trapper turned army colonel who waged war against the Navajo Nation – are to be removed soon. They are located in or near a city plaza where hundreds of Pueblo men were lynched following the Pueblo revolt.

For Ortiz, of the Ohkay Owingeh pueblo, what’s “finally” happening in New Mexico, reflects the larger national momentum around the issue of structural racism.

“I think it signifies a shift in consciousness,” she said. “Images and symbols of racial violence and inequality are now more evident to the public. And it was all triggered by the slaughter of so many black people.”

The Utmost Cruelty of Juan de Oñate, New Mexico’s First Governor (1598 – 1610)


24 June, 2020 CIVILIAN INTELLIGENCE NEWS SERVICE







Juan de Oñate y Salazar (1550–1626) was a Spanish conquistador from Mexico (then known as New Spain), explorer, and colonial governor of the province of Santa Fe de Nuevo México (present day New Mexico) in the viceroyalty of New Spain.

He led early Spanish expeditions to the Great Plains and Lower Colorado River Valley, encountering numerous indigenous tribes in their homelands there. Oñate founded settlements in the province, now in the Southwestern United States.

Today Oñate is known for the 1599 Acoma Massacre. Following a dispute that led to the death of thirteen Spaniards at the hands of the Ácoma, including Oñate’s nephew, Juan de Zaldívar, Oñate ordered a brutal retaliation against Acoma Pueblo. The Pueblo was destroyed. Around 800–1000 Ácoma were killed.

Of the 500 or so survivors, at a trial at Ohkay Owingeh, Oñate sentenced most to twenty years of forced “personal servitude” and additionally mandated that all men over the age of twenty-five have a foot cut off. He was eventually banished from

New Mexico and exiled from Mexico City for five years, convicted by the Spanish government of using “excessive force” against the Acoma people.





Today, Oñate remains a controversial figure in New Mexican history:

In 1998 the right foot was cut off a statue of the conquistador that stands in Alcalde, New Mexico in protest of the massacre, and significant controversy arose when a large equestrian statue of Oñate was erected in El Paso, Texas in 2006.

On June 15, 2020, the statue of Oñate in Alcalde, New Mexico was temporarily removed by Rio Arriba County workers at the direction of officials. Appropriate civic institutions will make the final decision on the statue’s future.

Juan de Oñate (also known as Don Juan de Oñate y Salazar, 1550 – 1626) was a famous Spanish explorer, conquistador and colonial governor who played a critical role in the exploration of the North American territories that are today part of American Southwest.

His most remembered exploits are visits to the Great Plains, Lower Colorado River Valley, claiming of territories in New Mexico and encountering of the many local Native American cultures (some who entered into fierce combat against him and his strict rule). Many historians refer to him as “The Last Conquistador”.

The Early life of Juan de Oñate started in the city of Zacatecas in today’s Mexico (then known as New Spain). He was the son of the Spanish-Basque colonist, silver mine owner, and conquistador Cristóbal de Oñate, and mother Doña Catalina Salazar y de la Cadena. Juan de Oñate married Isabel de Tolosa Cortés de Moctezuma, granddaughter of the most famous conquistador of all time Hernán Cortés, who destroyed the Aztec empire.

At the age of 48, Juan de Oñate started his career of exploration and colonization of unexplored lands deeper into the North American continent. The first journey away from New Mexico started in 1598 when he crossed the Rio Grande and started colonizing land and spreading Roman Catholicism to local natives.

He encountered Pueblo Indians, founded Province of Santa Fe, and fought in the large battle at Acoma against Pueblo People who did not want to hand over their entire winter supplies to Oñate’s expedition. In that battle, Oñate killed over 800 men, women, and children, and has enslaved remaining 500 (of which all men over 25 were punished with amputation of the left foot).

Next big expedition of Juan de Oñate started in 1601 when he set his sights on Great Plains. With the party of 130 experienced soldiers, 12 priests, and a retinue of servants, he started his quest to find the legendary city of gold. Of course, he did not find it, but he encountered Apache people, traveled to Oklahoma

Visited Escanjaques people, described the first encounter of tall grass prairie of central North America, and toward the end of the journey he encountered Rayados peoples, whose Chief Caratax led Oñate’s party across the land that was known to him. At the journey home, Juan de Oñate was involved in a large battle against Escanjaques people.

The final expedition of Juan de Oñate was focused on the Colorado River and involved only the small part of around 30 to 40 people. They traveled between the Rio Grande to the Gulf of California in 4 months, managing to bring back accounts of the area and suggestions about the establishment of a port in the Gulf of California.

In 1606, his days of exploration and land conquering ended after he was forced to return to Mexico City for hearing about his extreme cruelty to both natives and colonists. He was not jailed but eventually traveled back to Spain where he received the post of head of all mining inspectors by the order of Spanish King.

Born about 1550, probably in Zacatecas, Mexico, his parents were Spanish-Basque colonists and silver mine owners. His father, Cristobal de Oñate, was a conquistador, colonial official, and silver baron, who founded the city of Guadalajara, Mexico in 1531. His mother was Dona Catalina Salazar y de la Cadena. Juan de Oñate grew up to marry Isabel de Tolosa Cortes de Moctezuma, the granddaughter of Hernan Cortes.

After the 1588 defeat of his Armada, Spain’s King Philip II was eager to reestablish his country’s prestige and hoping to repeat the exploits of Hernan Cortes and Francisco Pizarro, ordered the viceroy of New Spain to organize an expedition to seek and colonize a rich civilization thought to lie north of Mexico. Another objective was to spread Roman Catholicism and establish new missions.

In 1595, the viceroy selected Juan de Oñate y Salazar to lead and finance the expedition. Despite Francisco Vasquez de Coronado’s failure to find golden cities of Cibola a half a century earlier, Oñate believed that he would find Gran Quivira. Oñate began the expedition in January 1598 with 400 settlers and soldiers, and their livestock.

The expedition crossed the Rio Grande at the present-day El Paso, Texas and on April 30, 1598, he claimed all of New Mexico for Spain. That summer his party continued up the Rio Grande to present-day northern New Mexico, where he encamped near the Tewa pueblo of San Juan and were helped by the local Indians.

Oñate’s group built San Gabriel, New Mexico’s first capital and became the province’s first governor. He also sent exploring parties westward to the vicinity of present-day Flagstaff, Arizona, and eastward to the vicinity of present-day Amarillo, Texas. After they realized that the area was not rich in silver, many settlers wanted to return to Mexico, but Oñate would not let them go and executed many of them.

He was also incredibly brutal to the local Indians, killing, enslaving, and mutilating hundreds of men, women, and children.

In 1601, Oñate himself led an exploration to find Quivira. In June his party followed the Canadian River eastward across the Texas Panhandle, entering Oklahoma, then northeast toward the Wichita Indian villages at the junction of the Arkansas and Little Arkansas Rivers, near present Wichita, Kansas. Like Coronado, he found only mud huts and hostile American Indians, and his disappointed troupe returned to New Mexico. While he was gone, most of his settlers returned to Mexico City.

Still determined, Oñate made his most ambitious expedition in 1605, following the Colorado River from near the Grand Canyon to the Gulf of California. When he returned to New Mexico in 1606, he found the colony in disarray. Later in 1606, due to continuing problems in the colony and mounting debt, Spain removed him from office and replaced him with Don Pedro de Peralta.

In 1609 he witnessed the founding of Santa Fe. In 1613, he traveled to Mexico City to defend himself against long-standing charges of mismanagement. There, he found himself charged with cruelty, immorality, mismanagement, dereliction of duties, and false reporting. He was fined and was banished from New Mexico for life and from Mexico City for four years. A short time later, he returned to Spain to clear his name and upon appeal, he was cleared of the charges.

Onate, sometimes called the “Last Conquistador,” died on June 3, 1626, in Spain. Gaspar Perez de Villagra, a captain of the expedition, chronicled Onate’s conquest of New Mexico’s indigenous peoples in his epic Historia de Nuevo Mexico from 1610.

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Icing on The Cake: Native Americans Hail Ruling That East Oklahoma is Tribal Land

Oklahoma no longer has legal authority to prosecute cases involving Native Americans across about 3m acres

The Guardian UK, 22 JUL 2020.





The news alert about a ruling from US supreme court took Kimberly Tiger by surprise.


On Thursday, the court ruled that the federal government never formally disestablished the expansive reservation that is home to Tiger’s tribe, the Muscogee (Creek) Nation, in Oklahoma.

The decision means that the state of Oklahoma does not have the legal authority to prosecute cases involving American Indians across about 3m acres (1.2m hectares), including most of the state’s second largest city, Tulsa, and fourth largest city, Broken Arrow.

Tiger and many other tribal citizens, locally and nationally, see Thursday’s decision as a victory for tribal sovereignty and a precedent-setter for other tribes.

“The wording of the document was full of such intention and grace that I was moved to tears that all the work that came to fruition was before us and it was overwhelming,” Tiger said of the ruling.

However, Tiger acknowledged that there are legal gray areas looming. “Now that the dust has settled a little, I see a lot of questions that come to light, especially with the court systems,” she said.

Under US law, felonies such as murder, rape or arson are prosecuted in federal or tribal court if committed by or against a tribal citizen on Native land, including reservations. Cases that involve both a non-Native perpetrator and a non-Native victim are under the state’s purview.

The supreme court case focused in part on a citizen of the Seminole Nation of Oklahoma and of Creek descent, Jimcy McGirt, who was convicted in the state court system in 1997 of first-degree rape, sodomy and lewd molestation of his wife’s underage granddaughter. He is currently serving a 500-year prison sentence.

McGirt argued in his appeal that since Congress never formally disestablished the Muscogee (Creek) Nation’s reservation, and the crime happened within the tribe’s boundaries, the state did not have jurisdiction.

The 5-4 decision in favor of McGirt was authored by conservative justice Neil Gorsuch.

Thursday’s ruling means that McGirt could now potentially be re-tried in federal court. In a joint statement, leaders of the Muscogee (Creek) Nation, Seminole Nation, Cherokee Nation, Chickasaw Nation and Choctaw Nation, along with Oklahoma’s attorney general, reiterated that neither McGirt nor Patrick Murphy, a Muscogee (Creek) defendant in a similar case, would automatically be released.

“The nations and the state are committed to ensuring that Jimcy McGirt, Patrick Murphy, and all other offenders face justice for the crimes for which they are accused. We have a shared commitment to maintaining public safety and long-term economic prosperity for the nations and Oklahoma,” they said.

“The nations and the state are committed to implementing a framework of shared jurisdiction.”

Mike McBride III, the attorney general of the Seminole Nation of Oklahoma, said he does not anticipate that eastern Oklahoma will descend into legal chaos, which was the scenario depicted by attorneys from the state and federal governments during oral arguments.

“I don’t think life is going to change that much for the non-Indian,” he said. “The biggest change will be for Native Americans who live within the Muscogee (Creek) Nation reservation and whether they have to answer for crimes in federal court or tribal court. There is some uncertainty regarding civil jurisdiction and that will have to get those worked out between governments. However, nobody’s land is going to get seized.”

Since the ruling was handed down on Thursday, Tulsa county has already had two cases referred to federal rather than state prosecutors because the victims were Indigenous.

For Muscogee (Creek) Nation citizen Cherrah Giles, the McGirt case felt particularly personal. The Tulsa native is also a survivor of domestic violence and sexual assault, and is the chairwoman of the board of directors for the National Indigenous Women’s Resource Center, a national domestic violence non-profit organization that filed an amicus brief in the case.

Although she welcomed the ruling as an opportunity for her tribe to better protect its citizens, she empathized with the victims’ families involved in the McGirt and Murphy cases.

“It was a horrendous crime,” she said. “I don’t want those families re-traumatized. We just want the same safety and security in our communities. Everyone deserves the same right to protection.”

Giles said that she, like Tiger, was surprised by the ruling. And the opinion’s opening line, which acknowledged the tribe’s forced removal from the south-eastern United States to what is now Oklahoma, struck a chord with her.

“There’s no bad time to make good on a promise,” she said, speaking of the federal government’s 19th-century assurances that Native land rights would be respected.

“That was the icing on the cake. The court could have given us an opinion and been generic. To call that out that there was a promise … we’re going to make good on it.”




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Update Re: NAVAJO Elders: Hungry, Alone, & in Despair

Navajo Elders: Alone, Without Food, in Despair

Sunnie R Clahchischiligi. The Guardian UK, 6 AUG 2020.























A Navajo reporter checks in on elderly people on the reservation. Hunger and neglect is what she finds.....







Edison Johnson steps outside his home on the Navajo Nation, south of Shiprock. Photograph: Don J Usner/ SearchlightNM








My first interviewee, a grandmother in her 70s, lives with her young granddaughter along a winding road in a small Navajo chapter in the rugged hills. When I arrived, the girl came running out of their cement home to greet me, then led me inside.

Her grandmother sat slumped over the edge of a stained mattress. I crouched nearby in an effort to maintain eye contact, taking care to maintain a safe distance. We talked about the pandemic, about life and death, and about her granddaughter. The girl had survived cancer and had lost her mother, while not yet 10 years old.

“I’m worried about my granddaughter,” the grandmother told me in Diné. Tears ran down her cheek.

On this hot summer day, the two were alone, left to look after one another, something the grandmother takes pride in, and something they are used to. They have no running water or indoor plumbing. The grandmother has to trek to an outhouse, built on such uneven ground that she has tripped and fallen on numerous occasions, leading to a hospitalization. Now she has a wheelchair, which she has to use more and more often.

She is barely able to stand to make a meal. Her salvation – the only reliable food she and her granddaughter can get – comes from the local senior center, which delivers a lunch they share Mondays through Fridays. On weekends, they fend for themselves.

Other than a ripped couch, the home has little furniture. The girl has few toys. Her prized possessions are a few notepads, which are completely covered with drawings, one on top of the other, because she’s used up every last page.

The grandmother said she and her son have taken care of the child since she turned four. When her son is away at his job, which is often, she is responsible for the girl.

“She’s the only one that takes care of me,” the grandmother said. “We take care of each other.”

Tears began to flood my eyes behind the surgical mask and Navajo scarf I wore. My voice turned shaky as I complimented her efforts to look after her granddaughter and thanked her in Navajo for sharing her story. I’ve been a journalist for almost 20 years, and it was the first time I cried on assignment.

I visited three other elders that week, at a peak of the Covid-19 crisis on the reservation.

Edison Johnson, a man in his 60s, lives in a dirt-floored shack with no running water, toilet, sink, kitchen – or electricity. He stores food in plastic coolers; he has no access to ice, so they keep nothing cool. Eating fresh food is almost impossible because there is no way to keep it from spoiling. He lives off of processed foods that keep without a refrigerator.

When he needs electricity, he runs a series of extension cords from his son’s house to his own, at the top of a hill. “I wish I had an oven so I can make biscuits,” he said.

Elizabeth Woody, 70, gets her water from a faucet outside her house. She has no indoor toilet. If she needs to bathe, she explained, she fills a bucket with water and gives herself a sponge bath. Like the others I spoke to, she has no vehicle.

The elders complained very little. It was as if they had accepted this way of life – living in desperate conditions, largely ignored by their community and political leaders. They were used to not being taken care of.

And the few people in the community who advocated for them faced retribution, I was told. If people talked to the media, they feared they would lose their jobs. (Tribal employees and others remain anonymous in this column to protect them.)

The grandmother said she had asked for assistance from her chapter, as local communities are known. Little help came. Some people advocated for her when she fell and injured herself: they demanded that the chapter build a level ramp to her outhouse. After a hard fight, she received an uneven slab of cement that was hardly better than the dirt she had before.

She did receive barrels of clean drinking water – but not from her chapter. Instead, it came from Water Warriors United, a Native-operated non-profit organization that delivers water to those in need.




Air Force service members distribute food and supplies to Navajo families on May 27, 2020 in Counselor on the Navajo Nation Reservation, New Mexico.



Numerous other non-profits – some from as far away as California – have donated boxes of food to the chapters. The Navajo Nation, it is widely known, has some of the highest rates of hunger in the country; with a pandemic at hand, action was clearly needed to prevent a catastrophe. Throughout the past four months, the Navajo Nation president, Jonathan Nez, has handed out free food at most of the 110 chapters around the reservation.

But none of the elders I spoke to had received a food donation. They lived too far away. They had no one to pick up the boxes for them.

“All in all, no one is caring for anyone. They’re just thinking about themselves,” a community worker told me. Some elders weren’t even aware the free food deliveries were happening. They had no phone, television or computer. Their contact with the outside world came from Navajo radio stations such as KTNN. Some had no contact at all.

Even people who did manage to get a food box might go hungry. Some boxes only contained apples, oranges and onions, I was told. Others contained hard foods that elderly people couldn’t eat because they so often had missing teeth. The boxes were supposed to feed people for a week, but some only held enough food for two days. Others included outdated toiletries that had expired in 2010. One source told me that she was so worried about the elders in her community, she often bought food for them out of her own pocket.

Who was responsible? Chapter officials, neglectful family members, the community and – most of all – the Navajo Nation leaders, sources said.

And so I called the leaders. The only person to respond was Navajo Nation council delegate Amber Kanazbah Crotty, who represents seven chapters in the Northern Agency. She’s known as an advocate for senior citizens.

Crotty said she always has elders in mind, especially when looking at legislation. She asks herself, “How is this going to support our elder population?” She said she makes a point to focus on elders because she believes that the way elders are treated is a reflection of how all Diné should be treated.

Some elderly people do fall through the cracks, she said. She was working on a long-term solution – a case management system that would closely track elders’ needs. But, to the best of her knowledge, food and other resources had been available to the elderly, even in remote areas.

“We had food available for families in crisis or families that are testing positive while they isolate,” Crotty said. “That would help elders with limited income, just making sure they’re not exposed. So those are some of the immediate steps that we’re doing.”

Less than 24 hours after my interview with Crotty, one of my sources called me to say she no longer wanted to be named in my story. Her supervisor had spoken to her, and she and other employees were told to refrain from talking about the food shortages, especially to the media. “We could lose our jobs,” the source said. Within the day, two community workers I’d interviewed also backed out of the story.

Repeated follow-up calls and emails to Crotty went unanswered. My calls to local chapter officials also went unanswered. Attempts to reach the Navajo Nation president, Jonathan Nez, failed.

Throughout my time as a Navajo journalist, I’ve heard many stories of Navajo officials who stonewalled reporters or intimidated people who spoke out. Navajo Nation leaders often refused to answer questions from Navajo reporters and local media (although they showed little reluctance when it came to giving quotes to national media such as CNN and the New York Times).

I was aware of the frustrations. But to be shut out for a story about Navajo elders? That was something I never expected. I especially didn’t expect it during a pandemic, when protecting elders lies at the heart of a public health campaign to slow the surge of Covid-19. I didn’t expect it amid the constant messages to take care of our elders, which appear in Navajo Nation virtual town hall meetings, on Twitter, Facebook and television.

The reservation is my home. I have a deep connection and admiration for where my roots are planted. But it’s hard to ignore the darkness that coincides.

Now, when I listen to KTNN, I think of the elders I met, and wonder if they’re listening, too. I think about the little girl who survived cancer and wonder what to send her for her birthday. (She wrote the date on a slip of paper and slipped it into my hand before I departed.) Five weekends have passed since I bid the grandmother and girl farewell. And every weekend since, I’ve wondered whether they have enough to eat and whether anyone’s checked in on them. I’ve wondered if anyone else is wondering about them.


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Basic Facts about Navajo Indians




  • Most Navajo families lived in hogans. ...
  • Early Navajo people wore clothing made from deer hides. ...
  • The Navajo were known for being fierce warriors. ...
  • The Long Walk in the 1860's was the start of a dark period in Navajo history ...
  • One of the most notable chiefs in Navajo history, Manuelito, signed a treaty with the U.S ...



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Old 15-08-20, 14:46   #21
 
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Movies re: Ojibwe Tradition-Pass to The Spirit World-Celebrate Mirror Joy

Living in The Dark: Native Reservations Struggle With Power Shortages in Pandemic

The pandemic has exacerbated severe energy and economic inequalities on Native lands in America – so people are turning to renewable energy


The Guardian UK, 15 AUG 2020.


Within hours of posting a video to Facebook and Twitter in which she offered to donate iPads to K-12 Native students, Amanda Cheromiah was inundated with increasingly desperate requests.


This was back in March, as schools across the country started closing because of Covid-19. Cheromiah, a PhD student at the University of Arizona, had begun hearing stories of Native students parking outside gas stations to finish their homework or reading for class. It was there they could maybe get better cell reception, or wifi, or enough light when the power was out at home.

Unequal access to utilities – especially electricity – made remote learning nearly impossible on Native lands. Cheromiah, who leads a mentorship program for Native students, said that for many students it was “just not an option”. She mailed about a dozen iPads to students before realizing their need for more resources was too great.

The pandemic has exacerbated already severe energy and economic inequalities in Indian country. For decades, many tribes have suffered from inefficient energy infrastructure, high costs and a lack of funding for new projects. Low electricity rates are compounded by limited cell and broadband service on many reservations. These needs have only gotten worse during the pandemic.

In the face of these challenges, Native people are turning to renewable energy to help their tribes achieve energy and economic independence. If successful, it could also provide growing job opportunities for communities that sorely need them.

Energy infrastructure is essential to living with and containing the virus. Shawnell Damon, who leads contact-tracing efforts for the Navajo area Indian Health Service (IHS), said tracing on the Navajo nation requires “extra work that other contact tracers throughout the US don’t have to do”. For example, after attempting three phone calls, Navajo contact tracers send a community health worker to find that person, an extra step made more frequent by dropped calls and spotty cell service.

Contact tracers at rural testing sites, like the ones found throughout the Navajo nation, are often forced to use paper records until they have a strong enough internet connection to upload the data to the Navajo area IHS database.

Inadequate electric and heating systems are not only insufficient – they’re also more expensive, and the energy bills can quickly stack up in the pandemic. Henry Red Cloud, the Oglala Lakota founder of a solar training center on the Pine Ridge reservation in South Dakota, said Native people are desperate for solutions. “They’re quarantined in their homes and using a lot of power and not having the dollars to pay that kilowatt usage.”

Over the past 20 years, Red Cloud’s various companies and initiatives have built thousands of renewable energy set-ups, like solar-powered furnaces and electrical systems that are also more affordable.

But high energy costs aren’t the only problem for Native communities; on the Pine Ridge reservation, Red Cloud estimates there are thousands of people without any running water and electricity – making following hygiene guidelines and stay-at-home orders more complicated, if not completely unrealistic.

We can be an example of what self-sufficiency looks like and what self determination looks like on Indigenous lands
Wahleah Johns

Red Cloud stresses that these inequalities did not happen by accident. The federal government’s violations of treaties it made with tribes left many without essential resources. Decades of federal government decisions and policies have continued to ignore the rights and needs of tribes, according to Wahleah Johns, the head of the non-profit Native Renewables, which aims to bring off-grid solar power to the Navajo nation and other Indigenous communities.

“In the early 1900s, when they were expanding the transmission grid, a lot of the plans didn’t include tribal nations and sovereign nations,” Johns said. The Rural Electrification Act of 1936, which offered federal loans to deploy electrical systems in rural areas across the country, but left out many tribal nations, is an example.

These policies have directly led to inequalities that the pandemic is now exacerbating. Both Johns and Red Cloud run job trainings in solar power, which they hope can help Native communities find their own solutions to this crisis, which continues to disrupt every aspect of life.

Typically, Cheromiah would have spent this spring traveling to tribal schools. But since the onset of the pandemic, the lack of energy and internet access means remote sessions were often impossible in many tribal communities. “Our students don’t even have the basics,” Cheromiah said.

Johns is particularly passionate about bringing electricity to these rural Native communities, knowing that it will ease financial burdens and help communities stay connected. “How many trips you take the store to load up on food, especially fresh fruits – those are things most Americans take for granted during this pandemic [because they have the] luxury of access to power and refrigeration,” Johns explains.

A US river is so beautiful there's a lottery to raft it. Could it be ruined by a new mine?

The pandemic has delayed several projects that aim to alleviate energy inequality in Indian country. Red Cloud and Johns have halted all solar jobs trainings. Light Up Navajo II, the second phase of a project that brought power to 225 Navajo homes in a 2019 pilot, has been put on hold.

Despite the challenges, Johns remains optimistic. Her non-profit, Native Renewables, which had only built a half-dozen solar units before the pandemic, hopes to begin construction in September for the first one hundred units. Red Cloud is eager to resume trainings, which he plans to do in the fall.

“There is going to be a huge shift towards clean energy, so what we’re doing is developing green teams so that when all of those jobs happen, Native people are going to be on the forefront,” said Red Cloud.

Beyond the economic potential of solar energy, Johns and Red Cloud believe that it offers a path towards building stronger communities that will be more resilient to future challenges. Red Cloud’s dream is ambitious – to guide a tribe to energy independence before the rest of mainstream America. Despite the obstacles, Johns shares the same vision.

“We can be an example of what self-sufficiency looks like and what self determination looks like on Indigenous lands.”

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Old 30-09-20, 15:43   #22
 
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Update re: Ojibwe Tradition-Pass to The Spirit World-Celebrate Mirror Joy

'It Haunts Your Life': Californias' Legacy of Police Violence Against Native American Women

Amid a reckoning over police brutality against Black Americans, Native women are speaking out about their experiences


The Guardian UK, 30 SEP 2020.





Gabriel Black Elk, who is Lakota, kneels on the neck of a fallen statue of Christopher Columbus and holds an American flag with the names of Native Americans killed by police, in Minnesota. Photograph: Evan Frost/AP









Kelly started teaching each of her seven children about the police around the time they entered middle school and began venturing outside on their own in their hometown of San Jose, California.

“Make sure you just, ‘yes sir, no sir,’ hands where they can see them,” she’d tell them. “Don’t get smart, don’t talk back, just do the best you can to just walk away.”

That’s because Kelly, now 60-years-old and a descendant of the Tule River Tribe in California and the Mescalero Apache Tribe in New Mexico, was all too familiar with what can happen when you don’t. And sometimes, even when you do.

Kelly’s run-ins with police started at 17, she said, when officers caught her and a group of friends getting high at an abandoned house. Kelly, who is identified only by her first name because of the sensitive nature of her case, ran, and she remembers an officer catching up with her and grabbing her by her hair and throwing her to the ground. Then, she said, after she was handcuffed, he shoved her so hard against his car that she still has a scar where her chin was cut on the vehicle.

A few years later, when she was arrested following a separate incident, she said a police officer grabbed her breast as he was loading her into his vehicle, and then laughed about it.

But the truly traumatizing moments, she said, took place more recently, when her nephew was killed by police and a close family friend was shot and killed by an officer after he was misidentified and the phone in his hand was mistaken for a gun.

“Yes, he was involved in a horrific crime,” she said about her nephew. “Yes, I understand that. But when did the cops get to be judge and jury? He still had the right to due process.”

At a time when the US is facing a public reckoning over police violence against Black people, Kelly’s story offers a glimpse into the long-standing struggles of Native women in California with police violence.

The problem was highlighted in a report recently released by the Yurok Tribal Court and the Sovereign Bodies Institute on missing and murdered indigenous women, girls and two spirit people (MMIWG2) in California.

The report documents 165 MMIWG2 cases across the state that mostly took place within the last 40 years, though researchers believe that number is a severe undercount. A hundred and five cases took place in northern California, and for those cases where details on the circumstances of the incidents were available about 1 in 5 were victims of police brutality or lethal neglect by law enforcement officers.


Annita Lucchesi, a Cheyenne descendant and the founding executive director of the Sovereign Bodies Institute, called the pervasiveness of police violence against Native women, girls and two spirit people in northern California “alarming”, saying it appears to stand out from the rest of the country. But, she said, it’s difficult to determine the exact scale of the problem.

Since many cases involve sexual violence or other forms of gender-based violence, women at times are hesitant to come forward, she said. “Especially for women who experience sexual violence at the hands of police, it’s probably one of the scariest things you could ever divulge,” Lucchesi said. “So unfortunately, there’s not only a lack of data, there’s a lack of structures – whether regional, local or national – that Native women feel safe reporting to.”

The report offers several first-person accounts from people reporting violent interactions with police in Humboldt county, a rural area of northern California, including a woman who said she remembers police pulling her out of her car as a high school student on several occasions. There were times, she said, officers slammed her face into the ground and then left, saying “sorry, wrong, wrong car, got a call.”

With 109 federally recognized tribes and over 70 state recognized tribes, California has more people of Native American or Alaska Native heritage than any other state in the US, according to the most recent census. There are a variety of explanations for why police violence against Native people is prevalent in the state.

One factor has to do with California being one of six states that, almost seven decades ago, was given criminal jurisdiction over tribal members. Known as Public Law 83-280 (PL 280), the legislation in California was put in place without tribal consent and means that federal law enforcement has a much smaller role in these tribal areas and state law enforcement take on the majority of cases there.

Theresa Rocha Beardall, an assistant professor at Virginia Tech, and Frank Edwards, an assistant professor at Rutgers School of Criminal Justice, have been researching PL 280 and police violence for four years, and said that on average these states see about three times higher rates of police involved killings of Native people compared with non-PL 280 states.

“The lack of consent, the immediate communication of subordination of Native people to the states created this ripe environment for conflict and I would say the propensity for grievances to turn into acts of injustice against native people,” said Beardall.

In addition, many reservations in the state have high poverty and may lack resources like cell service, clean drinking water or even electricity, which can put them at a greater risk of being taken advantage of by law enforcement, said Lucchesi.




Lydia West, 53, of the Cheyenne and Arapaho native American tribes, protests US immigration policy that separates parents from their children, outside the Otay Mesa detention center in San Diego, California. Photograph: Robyn Beck/AFP/Getty Images


The early history of California and its brutal colonization also play a role in this violence, she said.

“There’s still so many of the legacies of that violence that we see today, and police brutality is one piece of that,” she said.

She explained that she thinks officers learned from older generations of law enforcement that they could treat the Native community as “less than” and get away with it. She said that’s something that became deeply entrenched.

Abby Abinanti, the Yurok chief justice, in northern California, explained that the Yurok word for police originally translates to “they take people.”

“That’s because when we were first introduced to them, they took our children and put them in boarding schools,” she said.

Today, Abinanti says police violence for the Yurok Tribe is a big problem, but tends to come in the form of law enforcement mishandling cases of violence against Native people.

“That increases distrust and widens the gulf between us,” she said. “And just the trickle-down effects for generations is really hard. When you lose a mother, when you lose a sister, it haunts you your entire life.”

Kelly experienced this type of violence just two years ago, when her 24-year-old granddaughter was walking home after getting a new job and was shot in the calf by a drive-by shooter. Her granddaughter called her from the scene, terrified, but when Kelly got there moments later, she said officers screamed at her and threatened to arrest her when she tried to approach and comfort her granddaughter. She remembers her granddaughter being hysterical, and saw officers scream at her as well.

“Those are the kinds of things that we live with,” she said. “Those are the kinds of things we have to try to teach our children about. It’s disappointing to say the least, and it’s scary.”
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Old 12-10-20, 17:59   #23
 
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Default Re: Ojibwe Tradition-Pass to The Spirit World-Celebrate Mirror Joy

My Friend Left This World – and I Learned to Let Him Go

Ojibwe traditions said we should celebrate – mirror joy – so he could pass to the spirit world. This time I wouldn’t let him down


The Guardian UK, 12 OCT. 2020.







I used to think “letting go” was for happy people who did yoga and wore shirts that said “Good Vibes Only”. I thought it was for people who read the self-help books I never finished. When my friend Bryan died this August, the phrase took new meaning and helped lift me up.

Bryan was Ojibwe, a poet, a blackjack and poker dealer at a casino, and he was unwell. He had survived kidney cancer, a transplant and years of dialysis. He also had a seasonal sadness that overtook him eventually. One late night, he asked if he was a mediocre poet – and if he should take an overdose or call a crisis center. I didn’t see the messages until the next morning, and it was too late.

I went to his funeral broken, without flowers – without hope. Bryan’s the second friend I have lost in four months, and I felt like life was beating me into contrition. I had just lost a good friend to breast cancer, and couldn’t say goodbye because of travel restrictions and a border closing. I kept thinking, “What does Creator want?” I lost the only friend I watched Gossip Girl with, who was romantic – who was writing about daffodils in a small town, where it was a struggle to be a queer man.

We drove eight hours to the funeral. It was the first social gathering we had attended since Covid. The man performing the ceremony, Chato, said we needed to “let go”, and I felt resistance, but he then spoke with an elder’s sincerity and a clarity that reached into me – he said we needed to celebrate Bryan’s life, and “mirror joy” up to him, because the happier we could be, the happier Bryan could be, up there. Some truth strikes you down in a good way.

Chato said Bryan was making a journey toward his ancestors. There would be four steps, and then a door. He needed us for those four steps – he needed us to celebrate so he could pass through the entryway into the spirit world, where teachings and ceremonies and languages return.

My heart grew – I felt an immediate need to conjure health and love, and happiness. Bryan needed me, and I wouldn’t let him down this time.

We were told to come to the casket and bring our tobacco. Chato said we couldn’t wear our glasses, and didn’t explain why. I turned to my friend, H, who’s Ojibwe, too.

“I have to take my glasses off?” I asked

“It’s an Ojibwe thing,” she said, shrugging.

“Is that all I have to take off?”

We laughed, unexpectedly. I hadn’t laughed or smiled since the news.

After the funeral, I journeyed toward joy for the sake of my friend. I considered my people’s beliefs, and how similar they are to Bryan’s. We believe people make a journey after death, along a path painted in red ochre, and on the fourth day we enter a valley where all of our old ways come back. It lifted me up every time I pictured it.

Messaging with H about it, she concurred and said, “In our thinking, death is the ultimate uplift because you go to the River of Souls,” the Milky Way.

I let memories, and sad thoughts, and what-ifs come into my mind without resistance or denial. The thoughts left quietly every time I pictured Bryan speaking Ojibwe in heaven, or being welcomed in by his grandmothers

Bryan wrote in a poem once, “heaven is a thousand mirrors”. I take it as a sign that there is some refracted light between us now, and that my joy will shine up to him. I lifted myself up with small things: listening to a playlist Bryan made 10 years ago. I read every Keats poem he liked. I turned my notifications on loud, so that I never miss a friend’s message. I told people I loved them, and they said it back. My family smudged and did ceremony. I catalogued every poem Bryan sent and started writing again. I danced to electric powwow music, holding my cat Cathy, because it would make Bryan laugh.

After leaning into every good thing before me, the memory came of how we first met. Bryan said he noticed me when my son was having a fit in the dorm kitchen. I asked my son, Isaiah, to behave, and he retorted, so loudly, “I’m on my period!” I paused, then looked around in embarrassment. Bryan burst out with laughter and introduced himself – and said I was doing a great job as a mom.

“That’s when I knew you’d be my friend,” Bryan said.
END.


Ojibwa, also spelled Ojibwe or Ojibway, also called Chippewa, self-name Anishinaabe, Algonquian -speaking North American Indian tribe who lived in what are now Ontario and Manitoba, Can., and Minnesota and North Dakota, U.S., from Lake Huron westward onto the Plains. Their name for themselves means “original people.





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Movies re: Hopi Tribe on TRUMPs' Destruction & Sale of US National Parks & Wilderness

This Land is Your Land - Revealed: The Full Extent of Trump's 'Meat Cleaver' Assault on US Wilderness

Navajo Hopi Vice-Chairman of the Hopi tribal council: Trump opened our Land for oil and gas drilling

After four years of Trump, protected places such as national monuments and wildlife refuges have opened to oil drilling, new maps show – with more on the way

Conservation Groups Filed Lawsuit after President Trump Illegally Axed Majestic Bears Ears National Monument

President’s abuse of authority strips protections from a priceless cultural and natural heritage that belongs to all Americans


The Guardian UK, 26 OCT. 2020.





Clark Tenakhongva resides on the Hopi reservation in north-eastern Arizona, but his true home is a five-hour drive north in Utah, amid the rust-colored canyons and jutting buttes of Bears Ears, a beloved ancestral site of the Hopi people.

“For me, when I go there, it’s got its own place in my heart,” said Tenakhongva, the vice-chairman of the Hopi tribal council. “I feel like I’m back home.”

But after Donald Trump took office in 2017, Bears Ears was the focus of a sophisticated, pro-development pressure campaign
. Trump Plans to Cut 2 Million Acres of National Monument Lands, Leaked Documents Show


































Outline of human hands imprinted on a rock face in Bears Ears. Photograph: Photo by George Frey/Getty Images







For thousands of years, Native nations of the US south-west lived in the majestic canyons of Bears Ears....


What has happened at Bears Ears is not an exception. Under Donald Trump, the government has auctioned off millions of acres of public lands to the fossil fuel industry, the Guardian can reveal, in the most comprehensive accounting to date of how much public land the administration has handed over to oil and gas drillers over the past four years.

WhIle the US government is supposed to be an impartial arbiter of how public lands should be used, Trump has stacked the administration with former fossil-fuel lobbyists and conservative activists. Often, the department sells access to these lands at rock bottom prices and in places that are sacred to tribal communities, important to imperiled animals, and critical to prevent runaway climate change.

New research conducted by the Wilderness Society Action Fund, and shared with the Guardian, has found:

Of the more than 600m acres of US public land, the Trump administration has leased 5.4m acres – an area the size of New Jersey – to oil and gas companies.

Drilling from the leases could result in the equivalent of 4.1bn metric tons of carbon dioxide emissions – heating the planet as much as more than 1,051 power plants burning coal for a year.

Trump has sought to remove protections in some of the most ecologically sensitive places in the country, from the Arctic national wildlife refuge in Alaska to the Lower Rio Grande Valley national wildlife refuge in Texas.

The interior department has also leased 4.9m acres in the Gulf of Mexico to drillers, which could have the same climate impact as putting a million more cars on the road for a year.
Should Trump win another term, leasing may grow. A total of 50m acres are being made available to drillers in proposed plans for public lands.

“Throughout his term, the president has stripped protections from wild places that provide critical habitat for many plants and animals, clean water and offer fantastic opportunities for recreation and exploration,” the Wilderness Society Action Fund explains in a new report.

“Once they are sold off to the fossil fuel industry, sometimes for as little as $2 an acre, these lands will be scarred by drilling rigs, roads, pipelines and pollution wherever drilling occurs.”




Trump signs an executive order in December 2017 drastically reducing the size of the Bears Ears and Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monuments in Utah. Photograph: George Frey/Getty Images


An interior department spokesan, Conner Swanson, argued that the Trump administration had leased the least amount of acreage of any administration since the leasing data was first collected in 1985, but he did not respond to a request for that data.

The Trump administration has in fact offered almost as many acres for drilling in four years – almost 25m acres – as the Obama administration did in eight years. The acreage ultimately leased by oil companies under Trump is a fraction of what was offered, in part owing to unfavorable market conditions for fossil fuels, and is comparable to Obama’s record.

The influence of industry-aligned pressure groups in Bears Ears exemplifies a broader trend under the Trump administration.

For the Hopi, Bears Ears “is their church and altar”, said Patrick Gonzales-Rogers, the executive director of the Bears Ears Inter-Tribal Coalition. The Hopi and their allies sought to protect Bears Ears “in the same way you would protect the cathedral at Notre Dame”.

Yet the government rode roughshod over the objections of Native Americans to cater to a handful of special interests, including the uranium mining company Energy Fuels, which lobbied to shrink the monument in the hopes of future mining opportunities, and the Sutherland Institute, a Utah thinktank.

Founded to “trumpet” conservative principles, Sutherland has received more than $1m from Koch Brothers-linked foundations and millions more from other wealthy benefactors. It is a member of the State Policy Network of influential conservative ideological groups, many of which advocate for weakening federal environmental laws and transferring federal lands to state control.

In 2016 and 2017, it helped lead a concerted pressure campaign against the Bears Ears monument – flooding news outlets with quotes and op-eds, publishing videos and organizing a rally in Washington. A Sutherland staffer even drafted language that the Utah legislature approved calling on Trump to eliminate protections for Bears Ears.

Throughout 2017, Sutherland also maintained steady communication with interior department appointees, exchanging talking points, research and press releases about Bears Ears and sometimes even obtaining inside intel about forthcoming decisions, according to public records obtained by the Guardian.

“This is fantastic; thank you for sharing!!” wrote an interior appointee in an August 2017 email in response to a Sutherland report attacking modern monument designations. Sutherland did not respond to a request for comment.



“The lobbyist-filled Trump administration didn't just carve and cut corners for these oil-funded front groups,” says Jayson O’Neill, of the Western Values Project, a conservation group, “it gleefully took a meat cleaver to our national monuments and land protections."

In December 2017, Trump traveled to Utah to deliver the conservative thinktank world a victory. Surrounded by GOP officials and activists at the state capitol, he announced the effective abolition of Bears Ears monument.

The Hopi and four other tribes vowed to fight back and sued in federal court, where lawsuits are ongoing.

But for America’s public lands, Bears Ears was just the beginning....


Near Carlsbad Caverns, oil pads and methane clouds


Carlsbad, New Mexico, is located between two remarkable national parks: the towering Guadalupe Mountains and the glittering Carlsbad Caverns, consisting of 119 caves strung with stalactites. Over the last 19 years, the Rev David Rogers has watched Carslbad transform from a sleepy desert town to a booming outpost of the oil and gas industry’s expansion into the Permian basin.

The basin, rich with fossil fuels, spanning western Texas and south-eastern New Mexico, is a key reason the US is becoming one of the world’s top petroleum producers. Drilling took off during the Obama administration when companies began fracking, and Trump officials have set into motion plans to keep it growing.

But behind that economic success story are untold costs – both to people and the planet

The health threats of living near drilling are well-documented, but fiercely disputed by the industry. One recent study, for example, found that pregnant people exposed to high levels of flaring – when drillers burn off excess gas – have a 50% higher chance of giving birth early.

“I began to realize how skewed the entire system is that allows a flagrant exploitation of resources without any consideration to long-term environmental costs and long-term environmental health effects,” Rogers said.

The bureau has declined to try to estimate the impact of expanded drilling in the Carlsbad area on the climate, despite noting human-made climate change has already made the south-western US almost 2F (1.1C) hotter and could make it 3.5F to 9.5F hotter by the end of the century.

In fact, the agencies that manage public lands have fought to make it easier for industry to emit planet-warming carbon without consequence

Fossil fuel pollution, like the methane released by New Mexico drillers, are the dominant cause of global temperature rise. The methane plume above north-western New Mexico is so big it has been visible via satellite. (The New Mexico Oil and Gas Association did not respond to questions about its role in lobbying for less regulation and expanded drilling.)


In its waning days, the Obama administration finalized a regulation to crack down on methane spewing from federal lands.


Powerful oil and gas trade groups such as the Western Energy Alliance and the American Petroleum Institute bitterly opposed the move, saying the rule was unlawful and they could cut methane emissions on their own.

When Trump took office, he filled the federal government with staunch industry allies and conservative operatives who quickly got to work trying to withdraw the standards.

They included Kate MacGregor, a former lobbyist who helped lead the methane rollback and won the drillers’ approval. In a 2017 letter to the department, the Western Energy Alliance commended “the efforts of Kate MacGregor regarding executing on the energy dominance agenda”. (The Alliance’s president, Kathleen Sgamma, later told the Guardian she saw no fault in “praising effective staff”.)

MacGregor, who became the deputy interior secretary, had at least 20 meetings and calls with industry groups, some specifically about the rollback, records reveal. “We’ll call Kate” became a kind of catchphrase for industry groups facing regulatory hurdles, according to a recording obtained by Reveal from a 2017 meeting.

In September 2018, the department finished gutting the methane regulation and conservationists sued. For now, its fate is in legal limbo but the Trump leases in New Mexico are certain to make the methane problem worse.

Oil and gas leases sold under Trump in the Carlsbad region alone could create the equivalent of 93.6m metric tons of carbon dioxide – more than the total emissions from Washington state for an entire year, according to the Wilderness Society Action Fund.


Red Desert migration under threat from drilling

The Red Desert is a sky-bending expanse of sagebrush steppe in south central Wyoming, the sort of place one could explore for hours on scarce dirt roads and never see another human.

Sometimes called “The Big Empty”, it’s a place that recommends a spare tire and some extra gas, because it’ll be a long, harsh, lonely hike to town if your car sputters.

In 2013, this big, wild space revealed a long-hidden secret.

Despite a professed commitment to protect big game migration corridors, the Trump administration has opened such habitat across the west to oil and gas drilling in pursuit of its “energy dominance” agenda. The corridor has not been spared, despite its marginal oil and gas potential.

Since January 2017, Trump’s interior department has sold more than 33,000 acres of oil and gas leases in the corridor, according to data compiled from government sources by the Wyoming Outdoor Council, one of the state’s oldest conservation organizations.

Conservationists are concerned that even more oil and gas leasing is on the way, as the administration works to write a new management plan for public lands in and around the corridor. Trump administration management plans have tended to favor industrial development at the expense of all else, they say.

Wyoming Outdoors Council, said some plans open 90% or more of public land to oil and gas leasing.

“It is not multiple use,” Rader said. “There is no balance.”

Oil and gas drilling can disrupt migrations, forcing skittish deer to avoid areas that they rely on for food. And mule deer can’t afford hits to their population health – they are already in decline across the west. Other species in the area, including sage grouse, elk and antelope, could also be at risk.

The abundance of big game in the region has made it a magnet for hunters who stock their larders with its deer, elk and antelope each autumn. Conservationists, hunters and more are calling on the Trump administration to rethink its plans for the fragile habitat. Once broken by industrial activity, big game corridors can’t be put back together again.

The Red Desert-to-Hoback migration corridor, with its austere beauty, is “a special place to go hunting”, says John Gale, the conservation director of Backcountry Hunters and Anglers.

“If there is any proposed development for the corridor that includes any surface disturbance [...] we can't in good conscience support those types of activities,” he said.

The fate of public lands – and whether the pendulum swings toward conservation or more extraction – hinges on the upcoming election. A President Joe Biden could undo some of Trump’s rollbacks, though so could a legal fight over one of Trump’s own public lands appointees.

Since mid-2019, William Perry Pendley has been the de facto leader of the department’s Bureau of Land Management, which controls nearly 250m acres in the US. A longtime activist in the conservative legal movement against environmental laws and regulations, Pendley opposes federal land ownership, has joked about killing endangered species and denies climate change.

But Pendley was never confirmed by the Senate, and a federal judge recently ruled that his tenure and some of the decisions he oversaw were thus illegal. The interior department has called the ruling “outrageous” and “erroneous”.

Many of Pendley’s acts will now be open to litigation, including drilling and mining plans for areas including Bears Ears and tracts in Utah, New Mexico and Wyoming. It is up to judges to decide – but for conservationists the prospect of public lands officials facing legal consequences for their actions, at least, is heartening.

Nada Culver, a vice-president at the Audubon Society, said Pendley “wielded the sword of director to cut conservation out of every land use plan”.

“This administration has conducted a nonstop assault on our public lands, from habitat for the greater sage-grouse to the sacred cultural values of Bears Ears,” she said. “It’s all in their rifle sights and our planet’s climate is the collateral damage.”





America's Wilderness is For Sale by TRUMP





Read more >Climate Countdown: The US is set to exit the Paris climate agreement on 4 Nov. What’s at stake.....
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Movies re: Oscars Apologises to Native American Who Refused Oscar on Behalf of Marlon Brando

TRUMPS' Rush to Sell Public Lands Before Biden Takes Over

Trump Administration Rushes To Sell Oil Rights In Arctic National Wildlife Refuge

Trump officials rush to mine desert haven native tribes consider holy


The Guardian UK / NPR, 24 NOV 2020.




Administration seeks to transfer ownership of Arizona area to mining company with ties to the destruction of an Aboriginal site



Since January, San Carlos Apache tribal member Wendsler Nosie Sr has been sleeping in a teepee at a campground in south-eastern Arizona’s Oak Flat, a sprawling high desert oasis filled with groves of ancient oaks and towering rock spires.

It is a protest in defense of “holy ground” where the Apache have prayed and performed ceremonies for centuries.

A dozen south-western Native American tribes have strong cultural ties to Oak Flat. But the Trump administration, in its waning days, has embarked on a rushed effort to transfer ownership of the area to a mining company with ties to the destruction of an Aboriginal site in Australia, the Guardian has learned.

“We were in the fourth quarter with two minutes left in the game. And then Trump cheated so now we only have one minute left,” said Nosie, who was a football quarterback in high school. “Everybody has to mobilize now to fight this.”

Last month tribes discovered that the date for the completion of a crucial environmental review process has suddenly been moved forward by a full year, to December 2020, even as the tribes are struggling with a Covid outbreak that has stifled their ability to respond. If the environmental review is completed before Trump leaves office, the tribes may be unable to stop the mine.

In a meeting with environmental groups, local officials said that the push was occurring because “we are getting pressure from the highest level at the Department of Agriculture,” according to notes from the meeting seen by the Guardian. The department oversees the US Forest Service, which is in charge of Oak Flat.

As the curtain closes on the Trump era, officials are hurrying through a host of environmentally destructive projects that will benefit corporate interests. These include opening the Arctic national wildlife refuge to oil and gas drilling and rolling back protections on endangered gray wolves.

In Oak Flat, the beneficiaries will be a company called Resolution Copper and its two Anglo-Australian parent firms, the mining conglomerates Rio Tinto and BHP.

“The Trump administration is cutting corners and doing a rushed job just to take care of Rio Tinto,” said the Democratic Arizona representative Raúl Grijalva. “And the fact they are doing it during Covid makes it even more disgusting. Trump and Rio Tinto know the tribes’ reaction would be very strong and public under normal circumstances but the tribes are trying to save their people right now.”

Ever since 1995, when what is estimated to be one of the largest copper deposits in the world was discovered 7,000 feet beneath Oak Flat, a battle has raged pitting environmental and indigenous groups against Resolution Copper.

Listed on the National Register of Historic Places, Oak Flat contains numerous indigenous archaeological sites dating back 1,500 years. If the mine goes forward as planned, it will consume 11 square miles, including Apache burial grounds, sacred sites, petroglyphs and medicinal plants.

Resolution plans to extract 1.4m tons of copper ore by blasting beneath the surface and pulling it out through tunnels. Once all the ore is sucked out, a crater estimated to be 1,000 feet deep and almost two miles across will be left behind.

There is also concern over a 400ft-high escarpment called Apache Leap that is vulnerable to the proposed mine. Named for Apache warriors who jumped off the cliff in the late 1800s to avoid capture by the US army, the site holds great historical significance for the Apache people, and memorializes tribal losses when European immigrants invaded their homeland.

An indepent analysis performed on behalf of the Arizona Mining Reform Coalition determined there is a 9% chance the mine’s crater could reach Apache Leap and catastrophically destabilize it.

Even though the San Carlos Apache and other tribes have always been opposed to mining at Oak Flat, there are no federal laws giving Native Americans control of ancestral lands that are outside reservation boundaries.

Tribes were blindsided in 2014 when a proposal to exchange federally owned Oak Flat for private land owned by Resolution Copper was included, at the last minute, in a spending bill. It was at the behest of four Arizona members of Congress who supported Resolution’s mining plans.

For the last six years, the Forest Service has been carrying out an environmental review of the proposed mine and the controversial land exchange. Numerous tribes and environmental groups have voiced their opposition in the hope the mine could be prevented from moving forward or significantly scaled back.

Resolution Copper has argued that it is taking all necessary environmental precautions and has sought input from tribes. “There have been hundreds of consultations on the Resolution Copper project with Native American tribes,” wrote project director Andrew Lye in an email. “As with all tribes, Resolution Copper would welcome the opportunity for more collaborative dialogue with the San Carlos Apache tribe to build a relationship and ultimately look for ways to partner for mutual benefit.”

Resolution has vowed to monitor geologic activity around Apache Leap to make sure the mine’s crater does not get too close to the sacred cliff. Lye also points to a host of community support programs funded by the company to benefit the San Carlos Apache and other tribes. These include a monitoring program where tribal members are trained by archaeologists to help identify culturally significant indigenous artifacts.

Yet the recent history of Rio Tinto, one of the parent companies, has given cause for concern.

Last May, Rio Tinto blasted a 46,000-year old sacred Aboriginal site in Juukan Gorge, in western Australia. After widespread public outcry and investor revolt over the destruction, Rio Tinto’s CEO and two other top executives resigned in September.

“What happened at Juukan was wrong and we are determined to ensure that the destruction of a heritage site of such exceptional archaeological and cultural significance never occurs again at a Rio Tinto operation,” Rio Tinto’s chairman, Simon Thompson, said in a statement following the resignations.

Once the final Oak Flat environmental review is released, the land exchange must happen within 60 days. Ownership of Oak Flat could transfer to Resolution Copper before Joe Biden’s 20 January inauguration.

“We are looking at the destruction of some of the Apache’s most significant cultural and historic sites with this project,” said Kathryn Leonard, the Arizona state historic preservation officer. Federal historic preservation laws focus on ameliorating harms rather than blocking a development altogether, she explained.

“Our preservation laws are not set up to prevent this level of loss. It weighs heavily on me.”

Grijalva, who chairs the House natural resources committee, has asked the Forest Service to explain the reason for the accelerated timeline but as of late last week his staff had not received any clarification. Environmental groups are positioned to challenge the decision in court, while Grijalva and Senator Bernie Sanders have introduced a bill calling for the repeal of the land transfer.

“If the land exchange happens, it will be difficult to roll back,” said Grijalva. “That is why this cannot be rushed. The Forest Service must do their due diligence because of what is at stake. The damage is irreparable.”

...... This land is your land......





An airplane flies over caribou on the coastal plain of Alaska's Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, where the Trump administration is moving to sell leases for oil drilling. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service/AP



Starting Tuesday, oil and gas companies can pick which parts of Alaska's Arctic National Wildlife Refuge they're interested in drilling. It's the latest push by the Trump administration to auction off development rights in the pristine landscape before President-elect Joe Biden takes office.

The official "call for nominations" launches a 30-day comment period. It will also allow the Bureau of Land Management to move forward with a lease sale, which it must announce 30 days in advance. The exact timing is not clear, but it raises the possibility that a lease sale might happen just days before Biden's inauguration.

"It's been quite a lot of work to get to this point," said Kevin Pendergast, deputy state director for resources with the bureau in Alaska. In a separate statement, the agency said the lease sale will be a historic move "advancing this administration's policy of energy independence."

In a dramatic shift after nearly four decades of protections, a Republican-led Congress in 2017 approved legislation that opened up part of the refuge to oil development. It called for two lease sales in the coastal section of the Arctic refuge within seven years, with the first one to be held by the end of 2021.

But conservation groups are blasting the Trump administration's decision to push forward with the sale now, two months before Inauguration Day, saying it's rushing the process "to open one of the nation's most iconic and sacred landscapes to oil drilling."

The Arctic refuge's coastal plain is about 1.6 million acres — an area roughly the size of Delaware that makes up about 8% of the vast refuge. It's a place where caribou migrate, polar bears den and migratory birds feed. It's also an area believed to hold billions of barrels of untapped oil.

"This timeline indicates that they're trying to cram this through in a way that would cut out consideration for public concern," said Brook Brisson, senior staff attorney at Trustees for Alaska, an Anchorage-based environmental law firm.

Trustees for Alaska is among several groups, and a coalition of 15 states, that filed lawsuits this year aimed at derailing drilling plans for the Arctic refuge. The suits are still winding their way through the court system.

The American Petroleum Institute, a national trade association, welcomed the call for nominations, saying in a statement that development in the Arctic refuge is long overdue, will create good-paying jobs and provide more revenue for Alaska. It said the industry will work with wildlife organizations and local communities "to safely and responsibly develop these important energy resources."

Alaska Natives are split on the issue, with some seeing opportunity from drilling, while others decry the impact on wildlife, most notably the Gwich'in, whose culture and diet revolve around migrating caribou.

"Any company thinking about participating in this corrupt process should know that they will have to answer to the Gwich'in people and the millions of Americans who stand with us," Bernadette Demientieff, executive director of the Gwich'in Steering Committee, said in a statement.

But it's not clear how much interest there will be in drilling. For one thing, it's expensive in such a remote area.

"The real trick is doing the math around the marginal cost of producing a barrel of oil in that area of the world," said Andy Mack, a former commissioner with the Alaska Department of Natural Resources who has pushed for the refuge's opening.

Other challenges are low oil prices, the coming change in administration and the risk of more litigation over environmental concerns. Some investors have said they won't fund new oil and gas projects in the Arctic.


Biden has said he plans to protect the Arctic refuge permanently and ban new oil and gas permitting on all public lands and waters.

If drilling leases are finalized before Biden takes office, they could be difficult to revoke, Mack said. But even if not, Biden would still face that federal law that mandates a lease sale by the end of 2021.


Still, Mack said the next administration could impose restrictions.

"What they would try to do is make it so difficult and so onerous to get the array of permits," he said, "that the companies just say, 'Well, we're not going to spend 10 years just trying to get a simple permit, we're going to put our money and our investment elsewhere.' "





Citizens Speak Out Against Trumps’ Attack on Public Lands

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Old 08-01-21, 18:32   #26
 
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Question Mark re: Oscars Apologises to Native American Who Refused Oscar on Behalf of Marlon Brando

Hope Grows That Biden Will Restore US National Monuments & SALE of Public Lands/Oil Rights After TRUMPs' Rush to Sell Before Biden Takes Over

TRUMP Did His Best by Announcing FALSE Claims of Voter FRAUD Until those sales went through to his GOP Friends... Before Biden Took Over

TRUMP Received nearly $4 million donations from his duped innocent supporters to fight his cause of a 'RIGGED Election'


WHERE Has That Money Gone? Will Trump Ever Release The Files Exposing His Cunning Plot?


AP/Reuters, The Guardian UK, 8 JAN 2021.




Trump is a historic loser: No other one-term president has refused to leave office, 10 other sitting presidents have been spurned by the American people, but none have behaved as badly as Trump...


Trump is a narcissist desperately afraid of being thought of as a "loser."

A man who regularly used the epithet "loser" as a go-to insult long before taking office will now be remembered as one of only a handful of sitting presidents to seek another term and be rebuffed by the American people.


Indigenous peoples say that resurrecting the two Utah monuments should be the start of a sea change in how US treats tribal nations

It was one of Donald Trump’s most controversial early moves as president: to radically shrink two national monuments in the American west.

Now indigenous peoples are hopeful that Joe Biden will undo that decision – and more broadly effect a sea change in how the US treats the interests of tribal nations.



On the campaign trail, the president-elect pledged to reverse Trump’s reduction of two monuments in Utah, Grand Staircase-Escalante national monument and Bear’s Ears national monument.

Adding to the hopes of conservationists and indigenous tribes is Biden’s recent nomination of the New Mexico congresswoman Deb Haaland to head the US interior department, which oversees many public lands and the Bureau of Indian Affairs...

Biden has pledged to make his administration the most diverse in the country’s history, and the nomination of Haaland to head the interior department is part of that promise.

Haaland, a member of the Laguna Pueblo, would be the first indigenous person appointed to a cabinet position and is widely expected to work closely with tribes, including those in the coalition that helped establish Bear’s Ears in the first place.

Bear’s Ears, designated by Barack Obama, and Escalante, designated by Bill Clinton, were reduced in 2017 by Trump by a combined 2m acres. Bear’s Ears alone was reduced by a total of 85%.


While many locals who saw the monument designations as federal intrusion cheered Trump’s move to reduce the boundaries, environmentalists, archeologists and tribal citizens with ties to the land were outraged at the loss of federal resources to protect the lands. The conflict led to a federal lawsuit challenging the presidential power to reduce national monuments.

“The decision to take a hatchet to protections for Bear’s Ears was a direct affront to the tribal nations,” said the former senator Tom Udall, whose term ended this week and was vice-chairman of the Senate committee on Indian affairs. “We must use science to guide us in preserving high-value places that protect the critical biodiversity we all depend on.”

Many tribal administrators and conservationists are hopeful that if Haaland is confirmed as head of the interior department, it would mean more tribal involvement in decisions regarding the management of public lands across the country, including the possibility of more national monument designations.

Biden has committed to conserve 30% of America’s lands and waters by 2030 by power of executive order.


The history of who has access to lands in the south-western US, and how they are treated, means that whatever path Biden takes will be fraught. Many arguments in this part of the country concerning national monuments are grounded in the history of how Mormon settlers took lands through force, as well as in government policies, boarding schools and foster care systems that stripped indigenous families of their traditions and languages.

Both the distrust of federal control harbored by Mormon settlers and their descendants, as well as the grievances of indigenous peoples subjected to genocide, are at the center of every discussion.

“I’m worried that a presidential move will exacerbate those feelings, just like they have in preceding times with both sides, President Trump and President Obama,” said John Curtis, the Republican congressman whose district encompasses Bear’s Ears. Curtis, as well as his Republican colleague Chris Stewart, whose district contains Escalante, has advocated for keeping the reduced monument boundaries.


TRUMP EVOKED the Antiquities Act, a piece of 1906 legislation authorizing presidents to designate national monuments, to reduce Bear’s Ears and Escalante. The legal challenge to the president’s power to use the act to reduce boundaries is also still making its way through the courts. Yet future presidents could use the same act to re-expand them.


Curtis said he worries the power of a presidential decree to change the boundaries will lead to further conflict and uncertainty for locals concerned that federal protections mean less access to hunting and fishing. “We’re in this cycle of presidential decisions that are changed or reversed, and that’s a really unhealthy way to deal with the problems down there.”

Many Native peoples – such as the Navajo, Zuni, Hopi, Ute, and Uintah and Ouray Ute – counter that their hunting and fishing rights were not up for debate when the lands were originally taken from them. Now, as those lands face further degradation owing to diminished protections and increased public access, tribal leaders and citizens are again calling for more Native consultation in their management.

National monument status comes with federal resources for park staff to manage and care for lands containing culturally and historically significant artifacts and places. Lands that now fall outside the reduced monuments have lost those safeguards.

“It’s been kind of a head-scratcher as to why some of these sites were protected and why some were left out. From an archeological perspective it doesn’t make sense at all,” said Lyle Balenquah, an archeologist and a member of the Hopi tribe. “How are we going to manage these in the long term if only a portion of them are protected while others are left out to fend for themselves?”


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Old 22-01-21, 17:49   #27
 
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With Keystone XL Back on The Shelf, Oilpatch Pressure Mounts on Trudeau and Trans Mountain

All eyes shift to West Coast project with its own history of challenges now that Keystone XL permit is gone

•22 Jan 2021 CBC News




Prime Minister Justin Trudeau speaks with workers at the Trans Mountain Terminal in Edmonton in 2019. While his government bought the pipeline and the expansion is under construction, some in the oilpatch still worry whether it will be completed. (Jason Franson/The Canadian Press)


Many officials are hoping for improved relations between Canada and the United States under President Joe Biden, but his executive order cancelling the Keystone XL pipeline dealt some of those hopes an early blow — especially in Alberta.

The town of Oyen in southeastern Alberta has been enjoying a rare thing in the province these past few months: an economic boom.

The community has been bustling with pipeline workers who arrived by the hundreds last summer to help build the Canadian leg of the Keystone XL pipeline.

Doug Dingman, who owns a grocery and liquor store in the community, said his business has been up 20 per cent with the crews in town and he thought they'd be around until next fall.

Those workers could soon start hitting the highway out of town as TC Energy announced a suspension in the project on Wednesday, after U.S. President Joe Biden pulled the permit for the proposed pipeline and rejoined the Paris climate accord as expected.

"I'm still pretty upset that he [Biden] is going to shut it down," said Dingman, who worries about the ramifications for the oilpatch, the province and the economy.

But the situation also has him wondering about other important projects for the province's oil and gas sector, including the Trans Mountain pipeline expansion.

The TMX project is owned by the federal government and is under construction, but some Albertans continue to worry it will never be completed.

"I really don't think that'll happen, either," he said. "I think that B.C. is going to block it all."


All Eyes on TMX

No doubt, the pressure from the oilpatch on the prime minister to complete Trans Mountain will intensify after this week.

Like many, Mark Salkeld was not surprised by the Biden decision, but is still left feeling "disappointment and frustration," said the executive with Katch Kan, an Edmonton-based oilfield service company.

"We can't be strangled by the U.S. We've got lots [of oil] moving there, no doubt about it, but there's lots more yet to move," he said, suggesting there will be renewed oilpatch interest in any export proposal whether it's a pipeline, rail project, or some other alternative.

The Trans Mountain expansion has faced a slew of its own setbacks, yet construction continues on the pipelines that will transport oil from Edmonton to the Vancouver area for export. Besides past legal and regulatory challenges, the construction was recently paused after a series of safety problems.

"I don't think just because there's no other country to deal with on that project that there aren't going to be significant challenges," said Connie Van der Byl, director of Mount Royal University's institute for environmental sustainability in Calgary.

In fact, the demise of Keystone XL could invigorate opponents of Trans Mountain to try to stop that pipeline project too, she said.

"Overall, this is another signal to Alberta and those connected with oil and gas that it's tough times. You have to have empathy for those in the industry," said Van Der Byl, who worked for TC Energy as a business analyst in its natural gas division more than a decade ago.




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Old 02-06-21, 05:42   #28
 
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Alaska: President Biden to Suspend TRUMP Arctic Drilling Leases

US President Joe Biden's administration will suspend oil and gas leases in Alaska's Arctic National Wildlife Refuge pending an environmental review.


BBC News, 2 JUN 2021.







The move reverses former President Donald Trump's decision to sell oil leases in the refuge to expand fossil fuel and mineral development.


The giant Alaskan wilderness is home to many important species, including polar bears, caribou and wolves.

Arctic tribal leaders have welcomed the move but Republicans are opposed.

In January, Trump pushed ahead with the sale for the rights to drill for oil on around 5% of the refuge, just days before his presidential term ended.

Covering some 19 million acres (78,000 sq km) the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) is often described as America's last great wilderness.

It is a critically important location for many species, including polar bears.

During his campaign, Mr Biden pledged to protect the habitat.

"President Biden believes America's national treasures are cultural and economic cornerstones of our country," White House National Climate Advisor Gina McCarthy said in a statement.

"He is grateful for the prompt action by the Department of the Interior to suspend all leasing pending a review of decisions made in the last administration's final days that could have changed the character of this special place forever," she added.

Arctic tribal leaders praised the decision.

"I want to thank President Biden and the Interior Department for recognising the wrongs committed against our people by the last Administration, and for putting us on the right path forward," Tonya Garnett, special projects coordinator for the Native Village of Venetie Tribal Government, said in a statement.

"This goes to show that, no matter the odds, the voices of our Tribes matter."

The Biden administration's move was criticised in a joint statement by Republican senators Dan Sullivan and Lisa Murkowa joint statement by Republican senators Dan Sullivan and Lisa Murkowski along with representative Don Young and Governor Mike Dunleavy.

"This action serves no purpose other than to obstruct Alaska's economy and put our energy security at risk," Ms Murkowski said.

Mr Dunleavy added that the leases sold by the Trump administration "are valid and cannot be taken away by the federal government".

The first sale of parts of the refuge received little interest from the oil and gas industry and generated high bids of around $14 million (£10 million).


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Old 21-06-21, 10:55   #29
 
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‘We Will NOT Stop’: Pipeline Opponents Ready for Americas’ Biggest Environmental Fight

Activists have traveled from all over the US to protest against the construction of Line 3, a giant project that crosses Indigenous land

The Guardian UK, 21 JUN 2021





As the sun set, more than a dozen young people carried a wooden bridge toward a narrow section of the Mississippi River. The bridge allowed the group to cross more easily from their camp to where the immense oil pipeline was being built on the other side.

They were cited for trespassing – but they had symbolically laid claim to the marshy landscape.

That same day, Dawn Goodwin’s voice was soft but forceful as she spoke into the camera: “I’m calling on you, Joe Biden, to uphold our treaties, because they are the supreme law of the land.”

Goodwin, an Ojibwe woman and environmental activist, was recording a livestream from a picturesque camp site amid northern Minnesota’s natural beauty – where she and dozens of others had come together to protest the construction of the Line 3 pipeline.

Across the state, along the pipeline’s planned route of construction, activists have traveled from all over the country to do the same: many have locked themselves to construction equipment, and hundreds have been arrested. Goodwin’s preferred method of protest is arguably less physical – she was in the middle of leading a four-day prayer ceremony – but she hoped it would be no less effective to draw attention to the potential harm the pipeline represents.

“We’re done messing around with the process and trusting that the process is going to work, because in the end, it failed us,” she said. “What am I trusting instead? The power of the people, and the creator.”

The proposed Line 3 pipeline – which, if expanded, would move crude oil from Alberta in Canada through Minnesota to Wisconsin – has quickly become the biggest target of US environmental advocates. In addition to attracting protesters from around the country, it’s bringing attention to Biden’s unfulfilled promises so far on the climate crisis, as advocates argue he could step in to stop an expansion of fossil fuel infrastructure but hasn’t. The US already produces more oil than it can use, and is increasing exports of oil and natural gas, despite vowing to cut its own climate pollution.

The ramp-up in protests in Minnesota comes on the heels of a major environment win, with developers canceling the Keystone XL pipeline – something Indigenous activists fought for about a decade. Now, advocates are framing Line 3 as the latest frontier in environmental justice, in part because of the risks it poses to the waterways Indigenous Americans rely on.

“For all of the reasons that Keystone XL was shuttered and more, Line 3 needs to be stopped as well,” said Collin Rees, a senior campaigner for Oil Change International. “There’s an increasing understanding that we can’t continue to expand fossil fuels.”

If the pipeline moves forward, Rees said, the Biden administration will be undermining its own authority at international climate negotiations. Other countries – including Denmark, Ireland, and Spain – are moving to ban future licenses for oil and gas drilling.

The 52-year-old pipeline, operated by the Canadian energy company Enbridge, is being replaced because it is deteriorating. Two other Enbridge pipelines have experienced major spills. But the replacement line is on an entirely new route, one that crosses rivers, lakes and wetlands. “Because if there’s a spill, we don’t know what’s going to happen. We don’t fully understand the underground. We want to think we do but we don’t,” Goodwin said.

Goodwin is a “water protector” – the name for Native Americans and allies who are joined in resistance to fossil fuels, and in particular oil pipelines.

Water protectors also fought the Dakota Access pipeline, drawing activists from all over the world to Standing Rock in 2016 and 2017.





Activists install a bridge over a narrow portion of the Mississippi River. Photograph: Sheila Regan/The Guardian


It’s a form of activism that is often physically taxing, and not without legal risk: a number of states are initiating greater penalties for protestors who trespass to oppose oil and gas infrastructure. But activists say the water protector strategy has proven effective with the cancelation of the Keystone XL pipeline.

But the movement has had setbacks: a federal judge in Louisisana recently blocked the Biden administration’s pause on certain oil and gas leases. And in an obstacle for opponents of Line 3, a Minnesota court recently sided with Enbridge on challenges to its permit.

Tara Houska, a tribal attorney and founder of the Giniw Collective, which has been protesting the pipeline for years, called the ruling “disappointing” but said the fight continues.

“We cannot stop. And we will not stop,” she said.

Recent escalation


Since December, protesters have been camping, praying, and holding space. But they’ve also gone to greater extremes: Johnny Barber locked his neck to an Enbridge gate in March a statement against the pipeline.

He was inspired by Standing Rock, a Native-led movement in resistance to the Dakota Access pipeline, centered in water protector camps set up near where the pipeline was being constructed. Founded on tenets of Native sovereignty and cultural preservation as well as environmental concerns, it drew allies from all over the world.

“Standing Rock was a watershed moment in the fight to stop these pipelines,” Barber said. “I just promised myself at that point that if there was, if and when that the next battle came up, that I’d make sure I was able to participate.”

“There’s multiple different ways that people are fighting this pipeline,” said Ojibwe water protector Taysha Martineau, who is part of a camp called Mgizi, on land near the pipeline’s route in Cloque. When she was starting out, Martineau was angry and hurt, in part because the reservation where she is from worked out an agreement with Enbridge to build the line through the reservation.

“I was fighting back just to exist,” she said, referring to tensions she had with members of her own tribe. Since then, she has found a sense of community with other water protectors, and seen her work shifting. “I went from screaming down the line of riot police to praying on these easements with sheriff’s departments,” she said.

Martinez said the power of prayer brought her to the headwaters. “I’m not locked down to machinery today, because I recognize that upholding our treaties doesn’t always have to come from a place of anger,” she said.

“It was the women here, who told me that it was my time to stand here with them. And so I’m standing here in solidarity and learning my place as a young Two Spirit, learning where I’ll fit when we do achieve our goal to stop Line 3.”

In the first week of June, more Line 3 protesters from around the country swarmed northern Minnesota. By 7 June, about 200 people had been arrested. About 2,000 environmental advocates arrived at the White Earth Reservation a day earlier for three days of training, according to the Treaty People Gathering.

Keya Chatterjee, the head of the US Climate Action Network, said the non-profit’s policy arm brought three busloads of people from Seattle, Spokane and North Carolina to participate.

Before noon, she said, a Customs and Border Patrol helicopter appeared. “[It] just started severely harassing us, flying really, really low, and kicking up dust.” Nine people from her group were arrested, Chatterjee said.

According to the US Customs and Border Protection in Grand Forks, the agency was responding to a local law enforcement request for assistance in regard to a report of trespassing on private property. “CBP’s headquarters is investigating the facts to determine precisely what occurred and whether the actions taken were justified,” read the agency’s statement.

“All appropriate actions will be taken based on the facts that are learned, including with respect to the incident itself as well as the agency’s applicable policies and procedures.”


A fight for treaty rights


Because Enbridge needs access to land protected by treaties in order to complete construction, activists say the expansion also challenges longstanding agreements that ensure the right to hunt, fish, gather wild rice, and preserve cultural resources for Ojibwe people.

“Our local state and federal governments are violating treaties by allowing this pipeline to go through,” said Nancy Beaulieu, an Ojibwe woman who co-founded the Rise coalition with Goodwin.

“We’re here to make the stand for all living things,” Beaulieu said. In addition to calling on Biden to end the water-crossing permits, she wants the state to disallow Enbridge’s need for more water. “Consider the drought that we’re in,” she said. “Our water levels are very low already.”

In the past, courts have upheld US treaties with the Ojibwe. A court ruled in 1999 that Ojibwe tribes retain their right to hunt, fish and gather, as laid out in the treaties of 1837 and 1854.

Other activists have taken a more direct approach. At the end of last year, 52-year-old Indigenous activist Tania Aubid built a prayer lodge alongside the Mississippi. Her plan was to stay in the way of the pipeline, and she has held that cultural site since.

In early June, Aubid says law enforcement officers visited the lodge while she was praying, and told her she was trespassing – at which point Aubid pointed out the prayer lodge is a cultural resource, protected by the 1855 Treaty Authority.

The officers left – but the prayer lodge makes obvious what Indigenous activists have been saying for years: The further development of oil and gas infrastructure is in direct conflict with Native ways of life, and the health and safety of Native people who depend on the land being developed.

For now, Aubid feels confident that her message is getting across. “Here, they know that we’re doing what we can to protect the 1855 Treaty territories,” Aubid said......
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Old 03-07-21, 15:55   #30
 
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The Battle for Mount Rushmore: It Should be Turned Into Something Like The Holocaust Museum’

The national memorial draws nearly 3 million visitors a year – and Native Americans want the site back with a focus on oppression

The Guardian UK, 3 JUL 2021.






Mount Rushmore national memorial draws nearly 3 million visitors a year to its remote location in South Dakota. They travel from all corners of the globe just to lay their eyes on what the National Park Service calls America’s “shrine of democracy”.

Phil Two Eagle is not opposed to the fact that the giant sculpture of American presidents is a major tourist attraction but he thinks the park should have a different focus: oppression.

“It should be turned into something like the United States Holocaust Museum,” he said. “The world needs to know what was done to us.”

Two Eagle noted what historians have also documented. Hitler got some of his genocidal ideas for ethnic cleansing from 19th and early 20th century US policies against Native Americans.

Two Eagle is Sicangu Lakota and a member of the Rosebud Sioux Tribe in South Dakota. He directs the tribe’s treaty council office which fights to claim sovereignty over lost homeland. He is part of a growing indigenous movement across the US and Canada that is demanding the return of Native American territory seized through broken treaties. And ground zero for the movement is Mount Rushmore.

Opposition is already proving staunch. Yet while Native Americans have been fighting to get their lands back for centuries, indigenous activists say real progress finally seems possible now that Deb Haaland, a member of Laguna Pueblo, is secretary of the interior. As the first Native American to hold a US cabinet position, Haaland oversees 450m acres of federal land – all of it indigenous territory and much of it stolen through broken treaties.

“Having Haaland heading up the Department of Interior is a game changer,” said Krystal Two Bulls, who is Oglala Lakota and Northern Cheyenne and director of NDN Collective’s Land Back campaign, an initiative demanding that governments honor their treaties with Indigenous people. “It opens the door for beginning the healing process. Returning our land is the first step toward reparations.”

Mount Rushmore is located in the Black Hills, a nearly 2m-acre expanse of fertile forests, creeks and rocky outcrops that is sacred to the Lakota. The Black Hills is the place they call “the heart of everything that is”. After decades of fighting to keep European immigrants out of their homeland, the Lakota, Dakota and Nakota people reached a settlement with the US government and signed the Fort Laramie treaties of 1851 and 1868. The agreements established a sovereign 35m-acre “permanent home” for the Plains tribes called the Great Sioux Nation that occupied the entire western half of South Dakota, including the Black Hills.

But in 1874, Lt Col George Armstrong Custer led a survey party into the Black Hills without permission from the tribes and discovered rich gold deposits. Rather than abide by its treaties, which the US constitution calls the “supreme law of the land”, the federal government allowed gold prospectors and settlers to overrun the Black Hills and surrounding area.

Members of the Great Sioux Nation were forced to surrender most of their territory and move to much smaller reservations on what was deemed useless land by the US government. Decades later, the busts of four US presidents – two slave owners and two who were hostile toward Native Americans – were chiseled into the holy mountain the Lakota called “Tunkasila Sakpe”, the Six Grandfathers.

Based in Rapid City next to the Pine Ridge reservation, the social media-savvy NDN Collective was energized by last summer’s Black Lives Matter protests and resolved to launch a similar campaign promoting the return of indigenous lands. That effort suddenly accelerated when Donald Trump showed up at Mount Rushmore on 3 July last year for a fireworks-studded re-election rally.

NDN Collective organized a protest that blocked the road to the park, claiming the rallygoers were trespassing on sovereign lands of the Great Sioux Nation. Indigenous activists wore eagle feathers, beat drums and faced off with a line of air national guard who were dressed in riot gear.


No physical violence broke out but the assembly was deemed unlawful by the county sheriff and 20 activists were arrested. Videos of the protest went viral and so did the “#landback” hashtag along with NDN’s demands for returning the Black Hills and closing Mount Rushmore, which the group described as “an international symbol of white supremacy”.

Meanwhile, inside the park, the former president told his cheering base what they wanted to hear. “Our nation is witnessing a merciless campaign to wipe out our history, defame our heroes, erase our values and indoctrinate our children,” he said, referring to the recent removal of Confederate monuments. The crowd chanted “USA! USA!” in response.




Mount Rushmore. Photograph: Benjamin Rasmussen/The Guardian


Elise Boxer, who is Dakota and a professor at the University of South Dakota where she directs the Native American Studies program, said the request for the return of homeland is largely misunderstood by non-indigenous people. “It is not about owning the land. It is about regaining a spiritual relationship to the land,” she said.

The memories of frontier settlers engaging in bloody battles with Native Americans are still raw in South Dakota, Boxer said. The Black Hills are the ultimate symbol of that racial tension. “If our land is returned, there is the fear by non-indigenous people that they may be treated in the same way the early settlers treated us,” she said. “And there is also a very paternalistic belief held by the government that Natives can’t take care of their own land.”

Deciding who has a rightful claim to the Black Hills is actually already settled according to a 1980 supreme court ruling in the case United States v Sioux Nation of Indians. “A more ripe and rank case of dishonorable dealings will never, in all probability, be found in our history,” stated the court’s majority opinion that agreed the Black Hills had been stolen from the Sioux.

The court’s solution was to financially compensate the tribes for the land with an award of $2m. However, the tribes insisted the Black Hills were not for sale and they refused the payment. The award has been held in trust and now totals nearly $2bn with interest but the Lakota and other Sioux tribes, who live in some of the poorest areas in the United States, will not accept the money in exchange for their sacred lands.

“We are poor because our resources were stolen from us and those resources made others billions of dollars,” said Red Dawn Foster, an Oglala Lakota and South Dakota state senator representing the Pine Ridge reservation. “But our connection to the Black Hills is not a monetary one. Our main concern is that the land not be desecrated and we be allowed to resume our role as stewards of the land – that is our purpose as Lakota.”

Prayer cloths and tobacco ties are left on trees on Bear Butte, outside of Sturgis, South Dakota, on the northern edge of the Black Hills. Bear Butte is sacred to the Lakota.
Prayer cloths and tobacco ties are left on trees on Bear Butte, outside of Sturgis, South Dakota, on the northern edge of the Black Hills. Bear Butte is sacred to the Lakota. Photograph: Benjamin Rasmussen/The Guardian

Foster said many of the “social ills” experienced by the Lakota are rooted in the loss of their spiritual connection to the Black Hills and being denied access to sacred sites for ceremonies. She said the Sioux tribes are simply asking for a “transfer of stewardship”, so the Black Hills would no longer be managed by the US Forest Service or Park Service but by the Great Sioux Nation.

Putting Mount Rushmore, along with the rest of the Black Hills, under Native American management is a realistic first step for addressing the harms of colonization, she said.

Corbin Johnson, until recently the mayor of the tourist-dependent town of Custer located in the middle of the Black Hills, is not thrilled about this idea. “Why don’t the people in other places give their land back?” he said of non-indigenous supporters of NDN’s campaign. (Johnson’s term ended 30 June.) “This whole country is on indigenous territory, so where does returning land start and where does it end?”

Johnson has lived in Custer county his entire life and finds the Black Hills “magnetic”. His wife’s family moved to Custer in 1875, the year after the United States broke the treaties and allowed European immigrants to establish homesteads. “I understand the motivation for the land back thing but how do you make it work?” Corbin asked. “Figuring that out goes way beyond me or my town.”

With a Democratic president and Congress in power as well as a Native American woman overseeing federal lands, Daniel Sheehan, chief counsel for the Lakota People’s Law Project, is hopeful steps will be taken to finally address broken treaties.












People participate in the All Veteran’s Wacipi, a pow-wow on the Pine Ridge Reservation meant to commemorate Lakota who served in the US military. Indigenous Americans serve in the military at a higher rate than any other group. Photograph: Benjamin Rasmussen/The Guardian


Since Haaland was sworn in in March, her department has transferred 18,800 federal acres comprising the National Bison Range in Montana to the Bureau of Indian Affairs, where the land will be held in trust for the Confederated Salish and Kootenai tribes. And Haaland has reportedly recommended to Joe Biden that the boundaries of Bears Ears National Monument be restored to their original size in order to protect numerous Native American cultural sites.

Sheehan said there are various legal mechanisms for returning control of Mount Rushmore and the rest of the Black Hills to the Sioux tribes such as passing a bill in Congress or executive action under the 1994 Indian Self-Determination Act. Mounting public pressure also plays a big role. A petition sponsored by NDN Collective requesting the closure of Mount Rushmore and return of public lands in the Black Hills currently has more than 44,000 signatures


Meanwhile, the staff at Mount Rushmore is attempting to carry out its mission of celebrating the “shrine of democracy” but also incorporate Native American culture as part of the visitor experience. “We strive to provide a broad spectrum of history and messaging,” said the Mount Rushmore chief of interpretation, Maureen McGee-Ballinger.


She noted there is a “Lakota, Nakota and Dakota Heritage Village” interpretive display along the park’s main trail. It is staffed by a fifth-generation grandson of the celebrated Oglala Sioux warrior Red Cloud. The current setup is a long way from what Phil Two Eagle envisions possible with a transformed monument that documents Native American genocide.

“After 500 years of injustice, you can’t just put up a fake village manned by a token Indian and say, ‘We’re good,’ “ said Two Eagle. “We want to meet with Biden and ask him to honor the treaties. We want to find out what he will do to stop the ethnocide of our people.”

After the Fort Laramie treaties were abandoned in the wake of the Black Hills gold rush, the Lakota called the US government “”, which means “takes all the fat”. Navajo author Mark Charles sees the current battle for the Black Hills as a chance for Anglo Americans to turn that paradigm on its head.

“The United States has historically viewed everything through the lens of exploitation and profit,” he said. “But indigenous people are trying to teach a very young nation a different way of being. We want white Americans to learn that life has so much more meaning if they can just see past the dollar sign.”


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Old 10-08-22, 05:24   #31
 
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Movies re: Oscars Apologises to Native American Who Refused Oscar on Behalf of Marlon Brando

The True Ancient Origins Of The Native Americans 1491: BEFORE Columbus

Timeline - World History Documentaries 10 Aug 2022
















We are introduced to indigenous creation stories; discoveries by archaeologists, geneticists, linguists and anthropologists about the arrival of various indigenous people that are believed to arrive via the land bridge from what is now Russia and Alaska and also via boat and sailing down the N. American coast, settling in many areas and then developing differing languages, cultures and customs.








AND The HATE Towards Native Americans, on THEIR LAND, Continues..



SUV Driven Through Native American Parade Injuring Several in New Mexico

10 Aug 2022 Guardian News



Footage shows an SUV being driven through a Native American celebration in Gallup, New Mexico. Multiple people were injured including two police officers.


People can be seen enjoying the celebration from the pavement as the cream-coloured vehicle crashes through, causing panic. State police arrested several people and have said no one was killed in the incident.


The celebration to honour the culture and traditions of Native Americans dates back more than a century










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Old 16-08-22, 06:12   #32
 
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Thumbs Up Re: Oscars Apologises to Native American Who Refused Oscar on Behalf of Marlon Brando

Sacheen Littlefeather: Oscars Apologises to Actress After 50 Years

The Oscars has apologised to Sacheen Littlefeather, a Native American woman booed off stage nearly 50 years ago.

BBC 16 AUG 2022





The award was presented by Roger Moore and Liv Ullman - but rejected




The activist and actress appeared on live TV in 1973 to refuse an Oscar that Marlon Brando won for The Godfather.

Brando rejected the best actor award because of misrepresentation of Native Americans by the US film industry - and sent Littlefeather in his place.

The Academy said Littlefeather endured "unwarranted and unjustified" abuse following her brief speech.



"I never thought I'd live to see the day I would be hearing this," she told the Hollywood Reporter.

Littlefeather, then 26, was heckled and shunned by the entertainment industry following her speech at the awards.

Her speech was, organisers said, the first political statement at the televised ceremony - beginning a trend which continues to this day.

Introducing herself on behalf of Brando - who wrote "a very long speech" - she briefly told the audience "that he very regretfully cannot accept this very generous award".

"And the reasons for this being the treatment of American Indians today by the film industry and on television in movie re-runs, and also with recent happenings at Wounded Knee," she said - in reference to a violent stand-off with federal agents at a site of significant importance to the Sioux people.
She was met with boos - and some cheers - from the audience.



In 2020, Littlefeather told the BBC that straight after the speech she had to leave the stage with two security guards. But, she added, it "was a very good thing" as actor John Wayne was backstage (secured by six security men); she said he was "furious with Marlon and furious with me" and wanted to pull her off stage himself.




Littlefeather - pictured here in 2010 - said she never thought she would see an apology


Some people used the "Tomahawk chop" - seen as a demeaning gesture to Native Americans - as she was walking by.

Brando had written a much longer speech, but Littlefeather was instructed by the award ceremony's production team to keep the rejection to 60 seconds.



It was televised to 85 million people. Some media reports after the event claimed Littlefeather was not truly a Native American, but rather that she agreed to the speech to help her acting career. Some speculated she might be Brando's mistress.

She told the BBC all those claims were untrue.

"The abuse you endured... was unwarranted and unjustified," David Rubin, former president of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, wrote in a letter to Littlefeather made public on Monday.

Mr Rubin said the speech at the 45th Academy Awards "continues to remind us of the necessity of respect and the importance of human dignity".

The Academy Museum of Motion Pictures will host an event in September, in which Littlefeather will talk about her appearance at the 1973 Oscars and the future of indigenous representation on screen.

In response to the apology, she said: "We Indians are very patient people - it's only been 50 years!"

She added that keeping a sense of humour is "our method of survival".


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